Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Abstract

Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing −100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed −100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.

Hipocalcemia subclínica en ganado vacuno lechero: tratamiento y manejo preventivo. Revisión bibliográfica

“…Cuando los niveles de este mineral son inferiores a 5,5 mg/dl, las vacas suelen mostrar sintomatología de hipocalcemia clínica (Razzaghi et al, 2012). Una vez alcanzados los niveles de calcio sérico inferiores a 3,5 mg/dl, la mayoría de las vacas entran en coma hipocalcémico y mueren (Oetzel, 1988).…”

“…La alcalosis es causada por una ración rica en cationes (sodio y potasio) y con menos aniones (sulfato y cloruro), que son las típicas raciones usadas en vacuno lechero en altas producciones, ya que suelen contener forrajes ricos en potasio, como los silos y henos de gramíneas y leguminosas, fertilizados con ele vadas cantidades de abonos orgánicos, y otras leguminosas como la alfalfa, el guisante forrajero y la veza que también aportan potasio a la ración (Miller, 1979). Con las sales aniónicas se consigue un estado fisiológico de acidosis sistémica compensada; esto ocurre porque una dieta rica en aniones hace que se supere la capacidad del riñón para excretar la cantidad suficiente de hidrogeniones (H + ), provocando una mayor retención de estos, así se consigue una ligera acidosis (Razzaghi et al, 2012). Para monitorizar cuándo un animal responde a este suplemento, una técnica válida es la determinación de pH en orina.…”

“…Son necesarias cantidades adecuadas de Mg para la secreción de PTH, y así mantener un buen estado de sus receptores y del complejo proteico de estimulación-G (necesario para una respuesta tisular correcta ante el estímulo de la PTH (Mulligan et al, 2006;Kronqvist et al, 2012)). Además, el magnesio es un elemento que forma parte en la síntesis de 1,25-(OH) 2 D 2 ya que contribuye a su hidroxilación (Razzaghi et al, 2012;Martín-Tereso y Martens, 2014). La dieta de las vacas durante el periodo de transición debe contener un 0,35-0,40 % de magnesio sobre materia seca, tanto con sales aniónicas como sin ellas (Calsamiglia et al, 2009).…”

Economic Effects of Dairy Cow’s Diet Supplementation with Anionic Salts

“…Numerous researches have been conducted worldwide regarding the influence of anionic salts on the incidence of postpartum metabolic disorders in cows, with a direct influence on economic efficiency of milk production (Razzaghi et al, 2012). The principle upon all of this research is based on that the maintaining parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity during the dry period takes place under mild metabolic acidosis induced by a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) (Block, 1984).…”

High-Energy Diet at Antepartum Decreases Insulin Receptor Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Postpartum Dairy Cows

“…A major physiological characteristics of peripartum cows (the last 3 weeks before parturition and the first 3 weeks of lactation) is negative energy balance (NEB) (1). Dairy cows need to mobilise adipose tissue to compensate the relative deficit of glucose during the peripartum period, which is due to the NEB concomitant with the onset of lactation (3,17). The rapid adaptation of key metabolic pathways is crucial to successfully undergo the transition from pregnancy to lactation (6).…”