Effects of dietary carbohydrases on productive performance and immune
                    responses of lactating sows and their piglets

Lee, Jeong Jae; Choi, Seong Ho; Cho, Jin Ho; Choe, Jae Gol; Kang, Ji-Hoon; Kim, Soyun; Park, Sangwoo; Kyoung, Hyunjin; Seo, Dongoh; Cho, Jee-Yeon; Park, Il-Hun; Oh, Sangnam; Kim, Hyeun Bum; Song, Minho

doi:10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.359

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It has been reported that stress factors during the weaning period induce inflammation in the intestine and serum of weaned pigs, which leads to an increase in typical pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-β1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 [ 3 ]. In addition, both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the regulation of immune responses and intestinal barrier function [ 33 ]. In the present study, YCW supplementation increased the gene expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-β1 and IL-6, and reduced that of TNF-α; furthermore, the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, INF-γ, was upregulated in the ileum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Lee

Kyoung

Cho

et al. 2021

Animals

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Dietary yeast cell wall products (YCW) are recognized as a feed additive due to multifunctional benefits by the biological response modulators. Thus, this study was conducted to verify a potential advantage of YCW for improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health and microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.99 ± 1.10 kg of body weight; 28 days old) were arbitrarily allocated to two experimental treatments with eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per pen and seven replicate pens per treatment in a completely randomized block design (block = BW and sex): (1) a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and (2) CON + 0.05% YCW. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. There were no differences in final body weight, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio between dietary treatments. In contrast, pigs fed YCW had higher average daily gain (p = 0.088) and apparent ileal digestibility of DM (p < 0.05) and energy (p = 0.052) and lower diarrhea frequency (p = 0.083) than those fed control diet (CON). Pigs fed YCW also had a higher (p < 0.05) ratio between villus height and crypt depth, villus width and area, and goblet cell counts in the duodenum and/or jejunum than those fed CON. Dietary YCW decreased (p < 0.05) serum TNF-α and IL–1β of weaned pigs on day 7 and 14, respectively, compared with CON. Furthermore, pigs fed YCW had higher (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression of claudin family, occludin, MUC1, INF-γ, and IL-6 and lower (p < 0.05) that of TNF-α than those fed CON. Lastly, there were no differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level between CON and YCW. However, dietary YCW increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of genera Prevotella and Roseburia compared with CON. This study provided that dietary YCW improved growth rate, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal health and modified immune responses and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Lee

Kyoung

Cho

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Daily visual diarrhea scores of individual pigs (1 = hard and dry normal feces, 2 = well formed, 3 = moist feces, 4 = diarrhea, 5 = watery diarrhea) were recorded for 2 weeks after weaning. The frequency of diarrhea was calculated by counting pens per day with an average diarrhea score over 4 in each pen [ 25 , 26 ]. On day 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the experimental period, one pig was randomly chosen from each pen for blood collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary inactivated probiotics on growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs

Kang¹,

Lee²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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This experiment was performed to verify whether dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) improves growth performance and modulates immune responses of weaned pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc; 6.95 ± 0.25 kg BW; 28 d old] were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) a basal diet without heat-killed LR (CON), 2) T1 (CON with 0.1% heat-killed LR), 3) T2 (CON with 0.2% heat-killed LR), and 4) T3 (CON with 0.4% heat-killed LR). Each treatment had six pens with four pigs (6 replicates per treatment) in a randomized completely block design. The heat-killed LR used in this study contained 1 × 10 9 FU/g of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a commercial product. Pigs were fed each treatment for four weeks using a two-phase feeding program to measure growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. During the last week of this study, all diets contained 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal sampling was performed through rectal palpation for the consecutive three days after the four adaptation days to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Blood sampling was also performed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning to measure immune responses such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol. The heat-killed LR increased (p < 0.05) growth rate, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE for overall experimental period compared with CON, but reduced (p < 0.05) post-weaning diarrhea. In addition, pigs fed diets contained heat-killed LR had lower concentrations of serum TNF-α (d 7; p < 0.05), TGF-β (d 7; p < 0.10), and cortisol (d 3 and 7; p < 0.05) than pigs fed CON. In conclusion, dietary heat-killed LR improved growth rate, modified immune responses of weaned pigs, and alleviated post-weaning diarrhea.

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“…Therefore, appropriate nutrient supply for weaned pigs is one of essential factors to improve the intestinal health. Several studies reported that some feed additives, such as plant extracts, exogenous enzymes, and GLU, had beneficial effects on growth performance and gut barrier functions of pigs [ 8 , 14 , 15 , 28 ]. In particular, GLU is regarded as one of the most promising performance-enhancing additives with amino acid synthesis properties [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F; gain to feed ratio) were calculated from day 1 to 7, day 8 to 14, day 1 to 14, day 15 to 28, and day 1 to 28. The fecal score of pigs in each pen was visually checked with a score range of 1 to 5 (1 = watery diarrhea, 2 = severe diarrhea, 3 = mild diarrhea, 4 = moist feces, and 5 = normal feces) for the first 2 weeks by two independent experimenters [ 14 ]. The frequency of diarrhea was calculated by counting pen days with a pen average diarrhea score of less than 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs

Kyoung

Lee

Cho

et al. 2021

Animals

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Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): 1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and 2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus Prevotella and Anaerovibrio and decreased genus Clostridium and Terrisporobacter compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut.

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Effects of dietary carbohydrases on productive performance and immune responses of lactating sows and their piglets

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Effects of dietary inactivated probiotics on growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs

Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs

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