Effects of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) on lipid metabolism and health status of juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

Towards the optimization of performance of Atlantic salmon reared at different water temperatures via the manipulation of dietary ARA/EPA ratio

“…Additionally, this increase in total lipids in fish fed D-ARA/EPA was also positively affected by water temperature, with the concomitant decrease in the liver and fillet protein content compared to those fed D-ARA and D-EPA. Previous studies on teleost have also shown a similar decrease in hepatic lipid content with increased dietary ARA (Fountoulaki et al, 2003;Luo et al, 2012;Tian et al, 2014). In humans, it has been shown that ARA and its metabolites play a key role in skeletal muscle growth and tissue regeneration in combination with physical activities (Kalish et al, 2013).…”

“…Previous studies have shown the role of ARA mediation on the eicosanoid cascade with the concomitant regulation of overall fish physiology including maturation, endocrinology and health stress response. Accordingly, dietary ARA supplementation has increasingly received consideration for possible functional feed formulation (Alves Martins et al, 2012;Norambuena et al, 2013c;Tian et al, 2014;Van Anholt et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2010). However, and to the best of authors' knowledge, it is surprising to note that this study is the first to assess the effects of dietary ARA on performance and fatty acid composition in juvenile Atlantic salmon.…”

“…In contrast, larvae of gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus) showed high dietary ARA resulted in negative effects on growth and increased mortality (Copeman et al, 2002;Koven et al, 2003). In juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), juvenile gilthead seabream and larvae of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), it was shown that dietary ARA had no effect on fish growth performance, but could reduce lipid accumulation and inhibit biosynthesis of fatty acids (Copeman et al, 2002;Fountoulaki et al, 2003;Tian et al, 2014). In addition to optimal dietary requirements of ARA and the resultant effects on performance, ARA and its metabolites (eicosanoids) have been shown to exert complex control over many bodily systems of fish, including cardiovascular system (Stensløkken et al, 2002), endocrine system (Norambuena et al, 2013a), reproductive system (Kowalska and Kowalski, 2014) and immune system (Van Anholt et al, 2004).…”

LCFA Uptake and FAT/CD36: molecular cloning, tissue expression and mRNA expression responses to dietary oil sources in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

“…In this regard, grass carp are generally fed with many types of dietary oil sources, depending on the cost of the feed, without any detrimental effect on growth performance (Cao et al 1996). The inclusion of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), including arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inclusion, was reported to suppress lipid accumulation in this species (Tian et al 2014;Lei et al 2016); thus, authors aimed to test whether the excessive fat accumulation normally found in grass carp could be suppressed by dietary oils through the regulation of FAT/CD36 expression.…”

Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of ABA-Type Structured Lipid from Single Cell Oil and Tripalmitin

“…Arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n‐6) plays important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, biological processes and immune response (Tian et al . ). And it has potential pharmaceutical value and is a precursor of hormones, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes (Nagao et al .…”