Effects of detergents on the ionic balance and permeability of isolated bovine cornea

Carter, L.M.; Duncan, G.; Rennie, George

doi:10.1016/0014-4835(73)90220-0

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Resazurin has been used since the 1950s to assess bacterial or yeast contamination in biological fluids (8) and it is also used to measure the viability of sperm by colorimetry (9). It has been commercialized since 1993 as Alamar blue dye (10) as a viability cell test and has been assessed several times on different types of cells for its cytotoxicity reliability, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new nondestructive cytometric assay based on resazurin metabolism and an organ culture model for the assessment of corneal viability

Perrot¹,

Dutertre-Catella

Martin³

et al. 2003

Cytometry Pt A

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Background: Three-dimensional culture or human corneal equivalents for safety testing are difficult to investigate with classic cytometric or biochemical methods. So a fluorometric method is proposed using resazurin probe. Methods: Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the oxidized and reduced forms of resazurin were performed to determine optimal measurement conditions. More than 100 enucleated porcine eyes were used for this experiment. Twelve corneas were immersed in resazurin solution and fluorescence was measured hourly from 1 to 10 h. Ninety benzalkonium chloride-treated corneas and control corneas were used as toxicity controls, and corneal viability was compared with in vivo rabbit eye irritation. Results: After analysis of spectra, the optimal measurement condition of resazurin metabolism proved to be a fluorescence measurement using 570 nm excitation wavelength and 590 nm emission wavelength. The reduction of

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confidence: 99%

A new nondestructive cytometric assay based on resazurin metabolism and an organ culture model for the assessment of corneal viability

Perrot¹,

Dutertre-Catella

Martin³

et al. 2003

Cytometry Pt A

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“…Some materials shown to cause TASS include endotoxin; denatured ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs); preservative and stabilizing agents; heavy metals; residue left behind by substances used during the cleaning and sterilization of instruments; intraocular medications at toxic doses; irrigating solutions with incorrect pH, osmolarity, or ionic composition; and retained OVD or lens cortical material. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In February 2006, the number of TASS cases reported to the Intermountain Ocular Research Center at the University of Utah, the TASS Center at Emory University, and industry representatives increased significantly. This led to the establishment of an ad hoc TASS Task Force, with funding from the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS), for investigating this outbreak and assisting surgical sites in evaluating their risk for TASS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our view, enzymatic detergents should not be used because they have exhibited toxicity to the corneal endothelium in human and animal studies and have been implicated as a source of TASS when incompletely rinsed from the instruments before sterilization. 6,7,12 The enzymes are not deactivated by autoclave sterilization. Furthermore, enzymatic detergents are intended to remove bulk biomaterial from surgical instruments; however, ophthalmic anterior segment instruments acquire little bioburden during surgery and the material they do collect is completely removed with adequate manual cleaning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic anterior segment syndrome: Update on the most common causes

Bodnar

Clouser

Mamalis

2012

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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“… 10 , 16 Enzymatic detergents have some exotoxins that cannot be deactivated by autoclaves, which is why they should not be used for decontamination of the instruments. 9 , 17 , 18 Ultrasound baths may be colonized with Gram-negative bacteria producing endotoxins that are heat-stable and cannot be deactivated by autoclaves. The instruments can take these endotoxins from a contaminated ultrasonic bath, and thus may cause TASS after entrance into the anterior chamber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic anterior-segment syndrome (TASS)

Çetinkaya¹,

Dadacı²,

Aksoy³

et al. 2014

OPTH

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PurposeTo evaluate the clinical findings and courses of five patients who developed toxic anterior-segment syndrome (TASS) after cataract surgery and investigate the cause.Materials and methodsIn May 2010, on the same day, ten patients were operated on by the same surgeon. Five of these patients developed TASS postoperatively.ResultsPatients had blurred-vision complaints on the first day after the operation, but no pain. They had different degrees of diffuse corneal edema, anterior-chamber reaction, fibrin, hypopyon, iris atrophies, and dilated pupils. Their vision decreased significantly, and their intraocular pressures increased. Both anti-inflammatory and antiglaucomatous therapies were commenced. Corneal edema and inflammation resolved in three cases; however, penetrating keratoplasty was needed for two cases and additional trabeculectomy was needed for one case. Although full investigations were undertaken at all steps, we could not find the causative agent.ConclusionTASS is a preventable complication of anterior-segment surgery. Recognition of TASS, differentiating it from endophthalmitis, and starting treatment immediately is important. Controlling all steps in surgery, cleaning and sterilization of the instruments, and training nurses and other operation teams will help us in the prevention of TASS.

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Effects of detergents on the ionic balance and permeability of isolated bovine cornea

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

A new nondestructive cytometric assay based on resazurin metabolism and an organ culture model for the assessment of corneal viability

A new nondestructive cytometric assay based on resazurin metabolism and an organ culture model for the assessment of corneal viability

Toxic anterior segment syndrome: Update on the most common causes

Toxic anterior-segment syndrome (TASS)

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