Effects of density on displacement, falls, injuries, and orientation during horse transportation

Collins, Mary; Friend, T.H.; Jousan, Frank Dean; Chen, S.C

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00105-7

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In lower density situations, horses have more opportunity to move a hoof or change their posture to compensate for changes in speed (Collins et al 2000). Additionally, they have sufficient space to realign themselves during transport.…”

Section: Single Stall Vs Loose Penningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare issues related to transport and handling of both trained and unhandled horses and ponies

Weeks¹,

McGreevy

Waran³

2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Dehydration and increased risk of respiratory problems are common outcomes of transport, and both appear to be related to journey duration, emotional effects, such as fear, and challenging environmental conditions. Welfare may be improved by familiarising equines with transport vehicles and loading procedures before travel starts, and by providing thermally comfortable and well ventilated conditions during the journey. For long road journeys, rest breaks with drinking water should be given. Both trained and unhandled animals should have sufficient space and freedom to adjust their posture and to lower their heads, but maximum safe space allowances are unknown. Mares and foals should be transported together. Injury during transport is relatively common, particularly in groups of horses travelling to slaughter, and is usually associated with driver error, internal fittings and vehicle type or design, but also with mixing of animals of different sex and weight leading to fighting. There needs to be better training and monitoring to prevent such avoidable risks to horse welfare. There is also a need for more research into appropriate prophylaxis and post transport therapy as knowledge of accumulated stress and depressed immune function following prolonged and repeated transport is poorly understood.

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Section: Single Stall Vs Loose Penningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare issues related to transport and handling of both trained and unhandled horses and ponies

Weeks¹,

McGreevy

Waran³

2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Commercial transportation commonly involves the overland movement of mixed groups of animals in large to medium sized single or multi-level trucks over long distances [2,3,4], but may also include movement by sea or air [5]. Previous research on the land transport of horses has focused primarily on welfare considerations for the movement of animals to slaughter or sale (commercial transport) in Europe and the North America [2,3,6,7]. These works have made it clear that multiple stressors may act on horses during transportation, with a cumulative effect on their welfare [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse Injury during Non-Commercial Transport: Findings from Researcher-Assisted Intercept Surveys at Southeastern Australian Equestrian Events

Riley

Noble

Bridges

et al. 2016

Animals

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Simple SummaryResearch on the transportation of horses has largely focused on the movement of horses by commercial livestock carriers. Information on factors associated with horse injuries sustained during private (non-commercial) transportation in small horse trucks and trailers is limited. This study surveyed drivers transporting their horses to equestrian events in southeastern Australia. Information on drivers, travel practice, vehicle characteristics and horse injury was collected. A total of 55/223 (24.7%) participants reported transportation related injuries to their horses. Of these 72% were described as horse associated (scrambling, slipping and horse-horse interaction), 11% due to mechanical failure, and 6% due to driver error. The risk of horse injury was not associated with driver age or gender, or experience. Drivers that answer the telephone whilst transporting horses, were more likely to report a previous injury experience. There was a trend for participants with <8 hours sleep prior to the survey to have previously had a horse injured. There was a modest positive association between increasing trailer age and the number of injuries. The range of trailer models prevented identification of the importance of individual design features. The study highlights the potential for horses to sustain transportation injuries in privately owned vehicles and warrants further study to address this risk to their welfare.AbstractEquine transportation research has largely focused on the commercial land movement of horses. Data on the incidence and factors associated with horse injuries during non-commercial transportation (privately owned horse trucks and trailers) is scant. This study surveyed 223 drivers transporting horses to 12 equestrian events in southeastern Australia. Data collected encompassed driver demographics, travel practice, vehicle characteristics, and incidents involving horse injury. Approximately 25% (55/223) of participants reported that their horses were injured during transportation. Of these 72% were owner classified as horse associated (scrambling, slipping and horse-horse interaction), 11% due to mechanical failure, and 6% due to driver error. Horse injury was not significantly associated with driver age, gender, or experience. Participants that answer the telephone whilst driving were more likely to have previously had a horse injured (p = 0.04). There was a trend for participants with <8 hours sleep prior to the survey to have experienced a previous transportation-related injury (p = 0.056). Increased trailer age was associated with a greater number of injury reports (r² = 0.20; p < 0.04). The diversity in trailer models prevented identification of the importance of individual design features. This study highlights the potential for horses to sustain transportation injuries in privately owned vehicles and warrants further study to address this risk to their welfare.

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“…1997, 1998; Gibbs and Friend 1999, 2000; Grandin et al . 1999a,b; Collins et al . 2000; Stefancic and Martin 2005; Iacono et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a significant volume of published scientific literature on the responses to transport of performance research horses maintained under appropriate husbandry conditions and transported sympathetically (see review Marlin 2004). However, there is less literature regarding conditions experienced in commercial transport to slaughter (Friend 1989(Friend , 2000Friend et al 1997Friend et al , 1998Friend 1999, 2000;Grandin et al 1999a,b;Collins et al 2000;Stefancic and Martin 2005;Iacono et al 2007a,b;Werner and Gallo 2008). Furthermore, almost all of this work has been undertaken in the USA and many of these studies have involved healthy and well maintained animals that were used to being transported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare and health of horses transported for slaughter within the European Union Part 1: Methodology and descriptive data

Marlin¹,

Kettlewell²,

Parkin³

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Effects of density on displacement, falls, injuries, and orientation during horse transportation

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Welfare issues related to transport and handling of both trained and unhandled horses and ponies

Welfare issues related to transport and handling of both trained and unhandled horses and ponies

Horse Injury during Non-Commercial Transport: Findings from Researcher-Assisted Intercept Surveys at Southeastern Australian Equestrian Events

Welfare and health of horses transported for slaughter within the European Union Part 1: Methodology and descriptive data

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