Effects of Denervation and Simple Disuse on Rates of Oxidation and on Activities of Four Mitochondrial Enzymes in Type I Muscle

Nemeth, P. M.; Meyer, Dan M.; Kark, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb09009.x

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, disuse of muscle by, for example, denervation (Nemeth, Meyer & Kark, 1980), hindlimb suspension (Ohira, Tabata, Shibayama & Ohira, 1987 b), and/or stopping prolonged endurance training (Coyle, Martin, Sinacore, Joyner, Hagberg & Holloszy, 1984) causes a decrease in the oxidative enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism responsible for such changes in the mitochondrial metabolic properties is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to cold on metabolic characteristics in gastrocnemius muscle of frog (Rana pipiens).

Ohira

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Responses of enzymic characteristics of gastrocnemius muscle were studied when frogs (Rana pipiens) were exposed to cold environment (4 0C).2. The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decreased significantly after cold exposure. This decrease was greater in starved than in fed frogs.3. Although the glycogen content did not change, lactate levels were lower in coldexposed than room-temperature (control) frogs. No change was observed in glycogen and lactate between fed and unfed frogs kept at 4 0C for 2 months. Lactate dehydrogenase activity tended to increase during chronic cold exposure, but not significantly.4. The activities of citrate synthase, cytochrome oxidase, and ,6-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase were higher in gastrocnemius of chronically cold-exposed frogs than in room-temperature controls. This increase was statistically significant only in the muscles of starved frogs; these muscles had the greatest decrease in ATP.5. It was suggested that chronic cold exposure decreases skeletal muscle ATP content but may not affect glycolysis. The data also suggested that the decrease in ATP content stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis which increases enzyme activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to cold on metabolic characteristics in gastrocnemius muscle of frog (Rana pipiens).

Ohira

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Metabolic alterations leading to the depressed energ y p roduction by both aerobic (Nemeth, 1980;Dubois and Max, 1983) and anaerobic metabolism (Shakelford and Lebherz, 1981) in denervated muscles have been shown. However, the changes in free radical scavenging systems after denervation have not been studied systemically.…”

Section: Muscle I Page 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Den p rvation or disuse of muscle results in a loss of various mitochondrial functions (Joffe et al" 1981;1933) as well as decrease in several mitochondrial enzyme activities (Turner and Manchester, 1972;Booth and Kelso, 1972;Rifenberick et al, 1973;Nemeth et al, 1980). Conversely, endurance training induces a biochemical adaptation of muscle mitochondria, leading to an increase in oxidative capacity and specific activity of serveral mitochondrial enzymes ; Davies et al, 1981).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effect of Denervation on Free‐Radical Scavenging Enzymes in Slow and Fast Muscle of Rat

Asayama

Dettbarn

Burr

1986

Journal of Neurochemistry

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: To determine the effect of denervation on the free‐radical scavenging systems in relation to the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the slow‐twitch soleus and fast‐twitch extensor digitomm longus (EDL) muscles, the sciatic nerve of the rat was crushed in the mid‐thigh region and the muscle tissue levels of five enzymes were studied 2 and 5 weeks following crush. Recently developed radioimmunoassays were utilized for the selective measurement of cuprozinc (cytosolic) and man‐gano (mitochondrial) superoxide dismutases. Total tissue content of cuprozinc superoxide dismutase showed a mild decrease after denervation in slow but not in fast muscle. Manganosuperoxide dismutase and fumarase decreased markedly at 2 weeks and returned toward control levels by 5 weeks, the changes appearing to be greater in slow than in fast muscle. At 2 weeks, cytochrome c oxidase decreased significantly in slow, but not in fast muscle. GSH‐peroxidase at baseline was 10‐fold higher in slow than in fast muscle, markedly decreased at 2 weeks in slow muscle, and returned toward control levels at 5 weeks, whereas the total enzyme activity in fast muscle did not change through 5 weeks. These data represent the first systematic report of free radical scavenging systems in slow and fast muscles in response to denervation. Selective modification of cuprozinc and manganosuper‐oxide dismutases and differential regulation of GSH‐peroxidase was demonstrated in slow and fast muscle.

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“…Exercise-induced metabolic adaptation of muscles is lost when exercise training is stopped [18]. Further, muscle atrophy is induced by denervation [10,19], spinal cord transection [20], joint immobilization [21][22][23], tenotomy [24,25], spaceflight [26][27][28][29], and/or hindlimb suspension [29][30][31][32]. Most of these models are generally presumed to be models of reduced neuromuscular activity.…”

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Neuromuscular Adaptation to Microgravity Environment.

Ohira

2000

JJP

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The pattern of muscle activity influences the morphological, metabolic, and contractile properties of skeletal muscles. For example, the metabolic capacity of muscles is affected specifically by the type of exercise training [1][2][3]. Increased activity or over-loading by removing the synergists causes a compensatory hypertrophy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hypertrophy is also induced by the stretching of matured muscles in vivo [12,13] and cultured myotubes and fibroblasts [14][15][16][17]. Exercise-induced metabolic adaptation of muscles is lost when exercise training is stopped [18]. Further, muscle atrophy is induced by denervation [10,19], spinal cord transection [20], joint immobilization [21][22][23], tenotomy [24,25], spaceflight [26][27][28][29], and/or hindlimb suspension [29][30][31][32]. Most of these models are generally presumed to be models of reduced neuromuscular activity. But the level of use may not be the only factor involved in the atrophic process.There is a close association in the physiological, biochemical, and morphological properties between a motoneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates [1]. Studies to support this view are those in which chronic electrical stimulation at low frequency (1-10 Hz) changes the properties of fast-twitch muscles toward those of slow-twitch muscles [33][34][35][36][37][38].Some of the characteristics of muscle fibers are also altered following cross-innervation [39][40][41][42]. Buller et al. [40] suggested that the neural influence on muscle could be due to neurotrophic effect as well as via nerve impulses. Muscular Responses to Gravitational Unloading Morphological propertiesGravitational unloading by exposure to weightlessness [26][27][28][29][43][44][45][46][47] and/or its simulation model, hindlimb suspension [29][30][31][32][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56], causes rapid atrophy in muscles, such as soleus and adductor longus, that are composed predominantly of slow fibers. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of both slow-and fasttwitch fibers of rats were less after 14 d of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension than those in the agematched controls [29]. But the degree of atrophy was greater in slow-than fast-twitch fibers [28,29]. Therefore, muscles composed of predominantly slow fibers are more susceptible to atrophy [26,28, 47]. The weights of fast-twitch ankle dorsi-flexors, such as the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), are also generally less after unloading than those of age-matched controls [31, 57]. But these were Japanese Journal of Physiology, 50, 303-314, 2000 Key words: atrophy, fiber-type transformation, contractile properties, neural responses, microgravity.Abstract: Morphological and/or functional characteristics of skeletal muscles have a greater adaptability in response to changes in environmental stimuli. For example, an atrophy associated with a shift of fiber characteristics toward fast-twitch type is a common adaptation of antigravity muscle to a microgravity environment. Neuromuscular responses and ...

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Effects of Denervation and Simple Disuse on Rates of Oxidation and on Activities of Four Mitochondrial Enzymes in Type I Muscle

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of exposure to cold on metabolic characteristics in gastrocnemius muscle of frog (Rana pipiens).

Effects of exposure to cold on metabolic characteristics in gastrocnemius muscle of frog (Rana pipiens).

Differential Effect of Denervation on Free‐Radical Scavenging Enzymes in Slow and Fast Muscle of Rat

Neuromuscular Adaptation to Microgravity Environment.

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