Effects of exposure to cold on metabolic characteristics in gastrocnemius muscle of frog (Rana pipiens).

Abstract

SUMMARY1. Responses of enzymic characteristics of gastrocnemius muscle were studied when frogs (Rana pipiens) were exposed to cold environment (4 0C).2. The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decreased significantly after cold exposure. This decrease was greater in starved than in fed frogs.3. Although the glycogen content did not change, lactate levels were lower in coldexposed than room-temperature (control) frogs. No change was observed in glycogen and lactate between fed and unfed frogs kept at 4 0C for 2 months. Lactate dehydrogenase activity tended to increase during chronic cold exposure, but not significantly.4. The activities of citrate synthase, cytochrome oxidase, and ,6-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase were higher in gastrocnemius of chronically cold-exposed frogs than in room-temperature controls. This increase was statistically significant only in the muscles of starved frogs; these muscles had the greatest decrease in ATP.5. It was suggested that chronic cold exposure decreases skeletal muscle ATP content but may not affect glycolysis. The data also suggested that the decrease in ATP content stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis which increases enzyme activities.

Seasonal variations in Palaemon serratus abdominal muscle metabolism and performance during exercise, as studied by 31P NMR

“…Low temperatures were found to affect vertebrate muscles similarly. in frog gastrocnemius muscle (Ohira & Ohira 1988), the content of ATP decreased after cold exposure, this decrease being greater in starved individuals.…”

Effects of 20-Week Intermittent Cold-Water-Immersion on Phenotype and Myonuclei in Single Fibers of Rat Hindlimb Muscles

“…It has been reported that an adaptation of the metabolic and contractile properties of skeletal muscles is induced in response to cold exposure [1][2][3]. An improved fatigue resistance of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, but not of slowtwitch soleus muscle, in response to train stimulation at 10 Hz (100 ms train duration, 60 trains/min) was induced following 20-week intermittent cold-water immersion in rats [1].…”

Intramitochondrial inclusions caused by depletion of creatine in rat skeletal muscles.

“…OHIRA, M. KANZAKI, and C.-S. CHEN clusions were induced in rat soleus muscle in response to acute ischemia caused by ligation and sectioning of the abdominal aorta. Although the intramitochondrial inclusions were not reported, similar enlargement of mitochondria (YAHATA and KUROSHIMA,1977) and increased mitochondrial enzyme activity (OHIRA and OHIRA, 1988) were also induced by cold acclimation. The common phenomenon between cold-acclimated, ischemic, and f3-GPA-treated muscles are lowered levels of PC and ATP.…”

“…Cold acclimation of rats also increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in soleus muscle fibers (MATOBA and MURAKAMI, 1981), although the mechanism of morphological and metabolic changes in mitochondria is still unclear. However, our previous study showed that the activity of gastrocnemius oxidative enzymes were elevated when the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were decreased following the chronic exposure to cold (4°C) In frogs (OHIRA and OHIRA, 1988). …”