Effects of defaunation on digestion and growth, in sheep receiving a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate) at four protein to energy ratios

Eugène, Maguy; Archimède, Harry; Weisbecker, Jean Louis; Périacarpin, Fred; Saminadin, G.; Sauvant, Daniel

doi:10.1051/animres:2004004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…These results indicated that feed digestion might not have been impaired by defaunation for lambs fed the oldest forage D5 diet. This is not in agreement with previous studies (Eugè ne et al, 2004b;Ushida, 1998). However, Eugè ne et al (2004b) indicated compensatory digestion of OM in the lower intestine of defaunated animals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

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Effects of defaunation on digestion of fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and growth of lambs

Eugène

Sauvant

Weisbecker

et al. 2010

Animal

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The effects of defaunation on growth and digestion were measured in sheep fed fresh Digitaria decumbens grass cut at four stages of regrowth 14, 28, 42, and 56 days, and with different protein to energy (P/E) ratios. Two completely randomized designs trials (growth and digestion) were conducted using faunated animals, defaunated rams and protozoa free lambs. The digestion trial: eight faunated and eight defaunated rams fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed 4 diets (diets D1 to D4) to measure digestion parameters. The dietary P/E ratios were 120 (D1), 130 (D2), 130 (D3), and 140 (D4) g PDIN/UFL (Protein Digested in the small Intestine supplied by microbial protein from rumen-degraded protein/Feed Unit for Lactation) and the grass stages of regrowth were 56, 42, 28, and 14 days, respectively. Increasing the dietary P/E ratios increased dry matter intake (DMI) and the total tract digestibility of organic matter (OM), NDF and CP. Defaunation decreased DMI, except for rams fed D4 diet. Defaunation also decreased total tract digestibility of OM except for rams fed D1 diet and that of NDF except for rams fed D1 and D4 diets. Increasing the dietary P/E ratios also increased nitrogen intake and ammonia (NH 3 ) concentration in the rumen, whereas defaunation decreased them. The dietary P/E ratio increased non-NH 3 nitrogen and microbial nitrogen duodenal flows and microbial efficiency. Defaunation did not affect duodenal flows of neither non-NH 3 nitrogen and microbial nitrogen or microbial efficiency. The growth trial: 20 faunated and 20 protozoa free lambs were fed four diets (diets D5 to D8) to measure their average daily gain (ADG). The dietary P/E ratios were 60 (D5), 70 (D6), 80 (D7) and 100 (D8) g PDIN/UFL and the stages of regrowth were 56, 42, 28, and 14 days, respectively. DMI of lambs increased with P/E ratio. Protozoa free lambs had greater DMI than faunated ones when fed D7 diet (80.8 v. 74.9 g/kg LW 0.75 , respectively). The ADG of the lambs increased with P/E ratio. Fed on the same D5 diet, protozoa free lambs had greater ADG than faunated lambs (29.8 v. 11.6 g/day, respectively). In conclusion, animal response to defaunation was modulated by the P/E ratio of the D. decumbens grass diets. Defaunation increased ADG of lambs fed forage with the lowest P/E ratio, while digestion and nitrogen duodenal flows of rams fed the lowest P/E ratio were not affected.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Experimental procedure and chemical analyses The experimental procedures and chemical analyses were described in details in a previous study (Eugè ne et al, 2004b).…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of defaunation on digestion of fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and growth of lambs

Eugène

Sauvant

Weisbecker

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Hess et al (2004) also found that Sapindus saponaria fruit did not increase N retention as it increased the nitrogen excretion through faeces. Inconsistent results were reported by Eugène et al (2002) and Eugène et al (2004), which showed that defaunation may or may not influence nitrogen retention depending on the diet.…”

Section: Effect On Intake Nitrogen Balance and Microbial N Supplymentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Daily and Interval Feeding of Sapindus rarak Saponins on Protozoa, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Digestibility in Sheep

Wina¹,

Muetzel²,

Becker³

2006

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Several researchers have demonstrated that the rumen microbial community rapidly adapts to saponins and proposed interval feeding to prevent this rapid adaptation. An in vivo experiment was carried out to examine the effect of daily versus application every third day (interval feeding) of Sapindus rarak saponins (SE) on rumen fermentation end products, protozoal counts and nutrient digestibility. Thirty sheep were allocated into 5 groups. Sheep were fed daily or every third day with two levels of SE (0.48 and 0.72 g/kg body mass). One group received no saponin and served as control. All sheep received the same diet, a mixture of elephant grass and wheat pollard (65:35 w/w). Independent of the feeding regime and the level of inclusion, the addition of SE decreased protozoal counts and rumen ammonia concentrations (p<0.01). Microbial N supply and N retention were not affected by the high feeding regime. Daily feeding negatively influenced rumen xylanase and cellulase activity, but only when the high level of saponins was fed. However, these negative effects on rumen cell wall degradation were not reflected in decreasing total tract digestibility of the organic matter or the plant cell walls. Our results show that rumen microorganisms do not rapidly adapt to S. rarak saponins.

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“…The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of defaunation and its interaction with the diet on the evolution of the cellulolytic bacterial population, the fibrolytic and amylolytic activities of microbial enzymes and the plant material degradation in the rumen. The effects of defaunation on the growth and digestion in sheep receiving the same mixed diets were published in a first article [9]. The use of oligonucleotide probes for the determination of bacterial species has generated increasing interests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

et al. 2004

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-The effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of sheep given mixed diets (fresh Digitaria decumbens and concentrate) were studied. Eight faunated rams and eight defaunated rams, with ruminal cannula were used. Each animal was fed with 4 different mixed diets, Digitaria decumbens grass supplemented with 4 mixtures of Soya meal and ground maize. The protein digestible in the intestine (French feeding system, PDI) to energy (French feeding system, forage unit UFL) levels (P/E) in the diets were 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) and 140 (D4). The major cellulolytic bacteria were enumerated by specific 16S rRNA targeted hybridisation probes, some microbial activities of the rumen were estimated by enzymatic assays and by the in sacco degradation technique. The diet (P/E ratio) and defaunation had no effect on the percentage of the cellulolytic bacteria, represented by three species: Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefasciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the total activity of the fibrolytic enzymes (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidases (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase). Defaunation decreased (P < 0.05) the total activity of fibrolytic polysaccharidase (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidase (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase) enzymes. Neither defaunation nor the diet had any effect on α-amylase activities. Defaunation decreased (P < 0.05) total α-D glucosidase activity. The decrease of the total activity of carboxymethyl cellulase after defaunation was more marked (P < 0.05) with the D3 diet. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the in sacco DM degradation (96 h). Defaunation decreased the in sacco DM degradation (96 h, P < 0.05) and this decrease was negatively correlated with the P/E ratio. Defaunation significantly decreased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) and the molar proportion of butyrate (P < 0.01). From these results, despite reduced fibrolytic and amylolytic activities, a lower proteolysis and a more advantageous ruminal VFA profile occurred in defaunated animals. As a consequence, a better use of nutrients (protein, energy) can be expected by defaunated animals. Résumé -Les effets de la défaunation sur les activités microbiennes du rumen de moutons ingérant des rations mixtes (Digitaria decumbens en vert complétée avec du concentré). Huit béliers faunés et 8 béliers défaunés munis de canules ruminales ont été utilisés. Chaque animal était alimenté par 4 rations mixtes différentes composées d'herbe de Digitaria decumbens complémentée avec 4 mélanges de tourteau de soja et de maïs broyé. Le niveau de protéine (PDIN) / énergie (UFL) de la ration (P/E) était de 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) et 140 (D4). Les principales populations de bactéries cellulolytiques ont été dénombrées à l'aide de sondes d'hybridation spécifiques ciblant l'ARNr 16S, certaines activités microbiennes du rumen ont été estimées par des dosages d'activités enzymatiques, et par la technique de dégradabilité in ...

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Effects of defaunation on digestion and growth, in sheep receiving a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate) at four protein to energy ratios

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of defaunation on digestion of fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and growth of lambs

Effects of defaunation on digestion of fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and growth of lambs

Effects of Daily and Interval Feeding of Sapindus rarak Saponins on Protozoa, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Digestibility in Sheep

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

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