Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of WC–11Co cemented carbides with various carbon contents

Xie, Chen-hui; Huang, Jiwu; Tang, Yun-feng; Gu, Lining

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63929-2

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Beyond this, it was also revealed that the tungsten solubility in the Co phase decreases as the consequence of the Co phase transformation during the deep cryogenic heat treatment and hence the tungsten precipitates increase (Fig. 4) [42,43].…”

Section: Tungsten Carbidementioning

confidence: 93%

Cryogenic heat treatment — a review of the current state

2017

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The deep cryogenic heat treatment is an old and effective heat treatment, performed on steels and cast irons to improve the wear resistance and hardness. This process includes cooling down to the liquid nitrogen temperature, holding the samples at that temperature and heating at the room temperature. The benefits of this process are significant on the ferrous materials, but recently some studies focused on other nonferrous materials. This study attempts to clarify the different behavior of some materials subjected to the deep cryogenic heat treatment, as well as explaining the common theories about the effect of the cryogenic heat treatment on these materials. Results showed that polymers exhibit different behavior regarding to their crystallinity, however the magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and tungsten carbide show a noticeable improvement after the deep cryogenic heat treatment due to their crystal structure.

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Section: Tungsten Carbidementioning

confidence: 93%

Cryogenic heat treatment — a review of the current state

2017

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“…Xie et al investigated the influence of DCT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC−11Co cemented carbides with different carbon contents [53]. DCT has a nonsignificant effect on phase composition.…”

Section: Effects Of Ct On Microstructure Variation and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Microstructural Alteration, Mechanical Properties and Manufacturability after Cryogenic Treatment: A Review

2019

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Cryogenic treatment is a supplemental structural and mechanical properties refinement process to conventional heat treatment processes, quenching, and tempering. Cryogenic treatment encourages the improvement of material properties and durability by means of microstructural alteration comprising phase transfer, particle size, and distribution. These effects are almost permanent and irreversible; furthermore, cryogenic treatment is recognized as an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and nonexplosive process. In addition, to encourage the application of sustainable techniques in mechanical and manufacturing engineering and to improve productivity in current competitive markets, cryo-treatment can be considered as a promising process. However, while improvements in the properties of materials after cryogenic treatment are discussed by the majority of reported studies, the correlation between microstructural alteration and mechanical properties are unclear, and sometimes the conducted investigations are contradictory with each other. These contradictions provide different approaches to perform and combine cryogenic treatment with pre-and post-processing. The present literature survey, mainly focused on the last decade, is aimed to address the effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructural alteration and to correlate these changes with mechanical property variations as a consequence of cryo-processing. The conclusion of the current review discusses the development and outlines the trends for the future research in this field.

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“…The process has a wide range of applications from industrial tooling to the improvement of musical signal transmission. Improvement in toughness, hardness, and ductility is high due to cryogenic treatment (Dieringa, 2017;Xie, Huang, Tang, & GU, 2015). The typical increase in life of cutting tool is 35-50%.…”

Section: Cryogenic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools on cutting force and power consumption in CNC milling process

Mukkoti

Sankaraiah

Yohan

2018

Production & Manufacturing Research

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In this paper, the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) soaking duration on tungsten carbide end mill cutters on cutting forces and power consumption during machining P20 mold steel in CNC milling machine is investigated and optimized the process parameters. The data collected for the study are based on Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Cutting forces and power consumption are considered as important performance measures which are functions of decision variables viz. cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, and end milling cutting tools subjected to different soaking duration. The percentage contribution is calculated based on ANOVA to identify most influencing parameter on cutting forces and power consumption. The study revealed that cryogenic soaking duration exhibits most significant effect on cutting forces and power consumption followed by cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Regression analysis is carried out to relate the process variables and performance measures. Finally, a non-dominated sorting Algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed to optimize the process variable to obtain the desired optimal solutions. The results indicate DCT tool soaked for longer duration is minimizing the cutting forces and power consumption when compared to untreated tool.

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Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of WC–11Co cemented carbides with various carbon contents

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Cryogenic heat treatment — a review of the current state

Cryogenic heat treatment — a review of the current state

Correlation between Microstructural Alteration, Mechanical Properties and Manufacturability after Cryogenic Treatment: A Review

Effect of cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools on cutting force and power consumption in CNC milling process

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