Effects of decreasing synchronous inertia on power system dynamics—Overview of recent experiences and marketisation of services

Hartmann, B.; Vokony, István; Táczi, István

doi:10.1002/2050-7038.12128

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Many control actions monitor and stabilise the power grid frequency when necessary, so that it remains close to its reference value of 50 or 60 Hz [8]. Implementing renewable energy generators introduces additional fluctuations since wind or photovoltaic generation may vary rapidly on various time scales [9][10][11] and reduces the overall inertia available in the grid [12]. These fluctuations pose new research questions on how to design and stabilise fully renewable power systems in the future.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

Gorjão

Jumar

Maaß

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

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confidence: 99%

Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

Gorjão

Jumar

Maaß

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…2) Fast response with a 500 ms detection and instruction delay such as that proposed by the ESO has no impact on the initial RoCoF experienced by the power system following a power imbalance. That said, further increasing the speed of the response service improves the impact on RoCoF, e.g., deploying synthetic inertia controllers that have typical response times between 50 and 200 ms [33]. 3) Once the GB power system is no longer constrained by the ±0.125 Hz/s RoCoF limit, the critical actions will tend towards dispatching additional containment reserve above the 201 MW of EFR that supports the already existing Primary response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing a Credible Loss to Within Frequency Stability Limits in a Low-Inertia GB Power System

Nedd

Browell

Bell

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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There is a reduction in the percentage penetration of synchronous machines within the Great Britain (GB) power system leading to a decrease in inertia, and an increase in system rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) resulting from power imbalances. This raises the challenge of containing frequency deviations to within the relevant operational limits. As a result, steps need to be taken by the system operator to manage the risk to system security. In order to better understand this risk, this paper presents the challenge in light of the changing energy landscape and the current and future frequency response services available to contain frequency deviations. Although the current GB frequency response services may be capable of containing most events within frequency limits, in low inertia scenarios these responses alone are not capable of containing excursions within practical RoCoF limits. Consequently, further action must be taken to ensure system security. The system operator currently employs an interim solution of limiting the largest loss risk, depending on system inertia and the RoCoF limit. While this is suitable in the short-term, it is unlikely that this option will be cost-effective in the future.

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“…WITH the development of modern power systems, new challenges of the safe and stable operation of power systems emerge. The operating characteristics of power systems become more complicated because of the effect of some factors, for example, the increase of the proportion of new energy sources in the energy structure, the gradual formation of an AC‐DC hybrid power grid 1‐4 . In recent years, large‐scale blackouts have occurred frequently all over the world, which have a major impact on social stability and economic development 5‐7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient stability assessment model with parallel structure and data augmentation

Chen

Lin

Wang

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Critical situations are difficult to predict reliably by the machine learning‐based transient stability assessment (TSA) methods. Therefore, the practicality of the data‐driven TSA is limited. A parallel TSA framework constructed by two basic predictors and a comprehensive decider (CD) is proposed to achieve fast and reliable real‐time transient stability assessment (RTSA). A cost‐sensitive method is utilized for stacked sparse auto‐encoders to establish two basic predictors with opposite evaluation biases. Then, the outputs of the two basic predictors are sent to the CD. Finally, the stability of the non‐critical cases can be judged directly, and the critical cases are suggested to be analyzed by other methods. Besides, in order to enhance the reliability of the parallel predictor, a simple data augmentation approach with Gaussian white noise is employed to expand the classification boundaries. A fault severity factor is introduced to filter basic critical samples for data augmentation to improve the performance of the proposed framework. The effect of the proposed strategy is verified on the IEEE‐39 bus system and a realistic regional system.

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Effects of decreasing synchronous inertia on power system dynamics—Overview of recent experiences and marketisation of services

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

Containing a Credible Loss to Within Frequency Stability Limits in a Low-Inertia GB Power System

Transient stability assessment model with parallel structure and data augmentation

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