Effects of daily physical activity on insulin action in the elderly

Abstract

The effects of daily physical activity on peripheral insulin action were investigated in aged individuals. Glucose infusion rates (GIR) during the euglycemic insulin clamp procedure in aged bedridden, aged controls, and aged athletes were compared with those in young controls and young athletes at insulin infusion rates of 40 and 400 mU.m-2.min-1 to estimate insulin action at physiological and maximal insulin concentrations, respectively. At both insulin infusion rates, GIR was significantly higher in aged athletes and significantly lower in aged bedridden subjects than in aged controls. Although there was no statistical difference in GIR at 400 mU.m-2 x min-1 between young athletes and young controls, GIR at 40 mU.m-2 x min-1 was higher in young athletes than in young controls. Comparison of the aged and young groups showed that although GIR at 400 mU.m-2 x min-1 was significantly lower in aged controls than in young controls, there was no significant difference between the aged athletes and the young athletes. We conclude that insulin responsiveness (insulin action at the postreceptor binding site) may decrease with the aging process and may be further affected by physical inactivity. Although physical training may improve insulin responsiveness in aged individuals up to levels similar to those in young athletes, physical training in young individuals may improve only insulin sensitivity.

The emergence of sedentary behaviour physiology and its effects on the cardiometabolic profile in young and older adults

“…In the older sub-population, glucose infusion rates were higher in master athletes and lower in bedridden individuals compared with that in healthy aged individuals. Compared to young individuals, the healthy aged sub-population had lower glucose infusion rates whereas master athletes had similar glucose infusion rates (Yamanouchi et al 1992). Managing physical activity and SB is crucial in aging populations to manage glucose regulation as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is nearly sevenfold greater in adults over 60 years compared to young populations (20 years) (Shaw et al 2010).…”

“…Managing physical activity and SB is crucial in aging populations to manage glucose regulation as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is nearly sevenfold greater in adults over 60 years compared to young populations (20 years) (Shaw et al 2010). Although it is evident that frequent MVPA can protect against the effects of aging on glucose control (Yamanouchi et al 1992), it can be difficult for elderly populations to accumulate the recommended levels of MVPA. Therefore, future intervention studies, similar to the work of Peddie et al (2013), Healy et al (2008a), and Bailey and Locke (2014) should be conducted using aging populations, whose waking hours are predominantly spent performing SB (Harvey et al 2013), to examine the potential benefits of LIPA breaks.…”

Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans

“…8 The main advantage claimed for delivery in water is a gentler experience for the baby. Reports of possible adverse effects-hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy 9 and one death attributed to labour taking place in warm water 10 and infection due to delivery in water [11][12][13] -raise theoretical causal links. Only one report of a baby who died with waterlogged lungs 14 is clearly attributable to delivery in water.…”

Effect of Voluntary Wheel-Running on Insulin Sensitivity and Responsiveness in High-Fat-Fed Rats.

“…Studies in rats have shown that high-fat feeding can cause profound and widespread tissue insulin resistance [3,4] . On the other hand, physical exercise-training has been reported to improve insulin resistance [5,6] and has been thought to be advantageous in syndromes of insulin resistance such as the above diseases [7]. With respect to the effect of exercise training on fatinduced insulin resistance, Kusunoki et al [8] previously demonstrated that insulin resistance in highfat-fed rats recovered after a single exercise bout.…”