Effects of D-003 on lipopolysaccharides-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits

Abstract

D-003, a mixture of high molecular weight acids, inhibits cholesterol synthesis prior to mevalonate and prevents osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats, and both osteoporosis and osteonecrosis induced by corticoids in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of D-003 on lipopolysaccharides-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. Animals were randomized into 5 groups: a sham and four groups injected with lipopolysaccharides: one treated orally with vehicle and three with D-003 (5, 25 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) during four weeks. We assessed the effects of treatments on the incidence of osteonecrosis (number of animals with osteonecrosis lesions/animals per group), the mean numbers and areas of osteonecrosis per animal and on the mean sizes of the bone marrow fat cells. The incidence of osteonecrosis in the groups of D-003 25 and 200 mg/kg was significantly lower than in the positive controls. The reduction of osteonecrosis increased with the doses, but significant dose-dependence relationship was not achieved. D-003 significantly and dose-dependently decreased the number of osteonecrosis lesions per animal as compared to the positive controls. Likewise, the mean osteonecrosis areas in the proximal femoral and humeral bones were significantly decreased by D-003. The injection of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the average size of bone marrow fat cells as compared to the negative controls, and such increase was significantly and markedly reduced with D-003. It is concluded that D-003 reduced the incidence, number and percent areas of osteonecrosis lesions, and the size of bone marrow fat cells, a marker of adipogenesis, in rabbits with lipopolysaccharides-induced ostenonecrosis.

Antiosteoporotic effect of hesperidin against ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in rats via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation

“…Osteoporosis is created due to homeostasis or imbalance, which occurs between bone formation and resorption. [ 2,7 ] In this experimental study, we examined the inflammatory markers and bone turnover in the serum of experimental rats. OVX induces enhanced ROS accumulation resulting in boosting the production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress that uphold bone loss and osteoclast generation.…”

“…Thus, the reduction of signal molecules might reduce osteoclast differentiation, proliferation and suppress the process of bone resorption. [ 2,7 ] OVX‐induced rats showed the boosted level of NF‐κB and hesperidin considerably reduced the NF‐κB, suggesting a bone protective effect.…”

“…Femurs were removed, wrapped, and finally stored at −20°C for estimation of structural and biomechanical analysis. [ 2,7 ]…”

“…The available treatment of osteoporosis requires long‐term treatment; due to long‐term treatment inducing serious side effects such as enhanced cardiovascular disease risk and initiates the expansion or development of various types of cancer. [ 2,7 ] The antiresorptive oral bisphosphonates including alendronate (AN) are the first‐line drugs for treating women postmenopausal osteoporosis. [ 2 ] However, AN has limitations due to side effects such as impairment of liver function and induces organ injury.…”

Antiosteoporosis effect of geraniin on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in experimental rats

“…[10,13] We used oral bisphosphonates such as alendronate (ALN) as a standard medication in the current experimental study, as this medication is used as the first-line treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. [7,14] Although different plants and plant-based phytoconstituents can provide better defense against bone loss due to their estrogen-like effects, they can convey a portion of indistinguishable risks from supplemental estrogen hazards. [8,9] As a nontherapeutic approach to reducing the risk of fractures and improving bone health, the drawbacks of traditional osteoporosis medications have instigated the researchers to investigate alternative medicine from plant sources.…”