Effects of curing temperature on the compressive strength and microstructure of copper tailing-based geopolymers

Tian, Xiang; Xu, Wangyang; Song, Shaoxian; Rao, Feng; Xia, Ling

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126754

Cited by 109 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The resonances at −74 and −79 ppm are assigned to (Q 0 ) and (Q 1 ), respectively, due to the presence of silicate monomer and dimer [25]. The resonance at −104 ppm represents Q 3 (R) when H in OH is substituted by alkali metal ion (Na + or K + ) in Q 3 [2], and the resonance at −114 ppm corresponds to the cristobalite in the geopolymers [26]. In geopolymer N-A-S-H gel, the Q 4 (4Al), Q 4 (3Al), Q 4 (2Al), Q 4 (1Al), Q 4 (0Al) resonate at around −84, −89, −93, −99 and −108 ppm, respectively [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Massive quantities of copper mine tailings are discharged from the beneficiation of the copper mine, which causes some environmental problems such as contamination of surrounding air, water bodies and soils, when disposed of in tailings storage facilities without rehabilitation [1,2]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to reprocess the mine tailings to relieve their adverse impacts, whilst, at the same time, recycle resources and increase economic benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Slag Reprocessing Tailings-Based Geopolymers in Marine Environment

Rao

et al. 2020

Minerals

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In this study, copper slag reprocessing tailings (CSRT) were synthesized into geopolymers with 40%, 50% and 60% metakaolin. The evolution of compressive strength and microstructures of CSRT-based geopolymers in a marine environment was investigated. Except for compressive strength measurement, the characterizations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were included. It was found that marine conditions changed the Si/Al ratio in the sodium-aluminosilicate-hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel backbone, promoted the geopolymerization process, led to more Q4(3Al), Q4(2Al) and Q4(1Al) gel formation and a higher compressive strength of the geopolymers. This provided a basis for the preparation of CSRT-based geopolymers into marine concrete.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Slag Reprocessing Tailings-Based Geopolymers in Marine Environment

Rao

et al. 2020

Minerals

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“…Unlike aluminum, which can be tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent, silicon has tetracoordination, which is why the Si 4 Q n symbology is not widely used. In general, only Q n is used to represent the bonds of this type of isotope [18], [92], [93]. Knowing all the frequency patterns for the isotopes of Al 27 and Si 29 , it is possible to create a database and correlate these values with, for example, what is observed in the main zeolites.…”

Section: Characterizaion Of Gels Formed In the Aa Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

Marvila

Azevedo

Vieira

2021

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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The Alkali-Activated Materials (AAM) are defined as materials obtained through the reaction between precursors and activators, and are separated into two classes depending on the products formed in the reaction, those rich in calcium, as the blast furnace slag, whose Ca/(Si+Al) ratio is higher than 1; and poor in calcium, which is the geopolymers subclass. In this review article, some bibliographical aspects were discussed regarding the discovery of these materials, through research conducted by Victor Glukhovsky and through the characterization of historical monuments by Davidovits, which began in the 50s and 60s and persist to the present day. The main products obtained in the alkaline activation reaction were also addressed, using the definition of polysialates and zeolites, in the case of geopolymers, and the tobermorite structure, in the case of materials rich in calcium. The main steps of the alkali-activated reaction, such as dissolution, condensation, polycondensation, crystallization, and hardening, were discussed. Some techniques for characterizing the AA reaction products were also examined, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the main factors that interfere in the kinetics of AA reactions were explored, in which the type of cure and the activating solution used in the alkali-activated materials production stands out.

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“…The sample cured at 60 ℃ exhibited a rather coarse microstructure suggesting some voids and poor binding properties between the particles. This may be the result of incomplete or poor dissolution of aluminosilicate materials in the geopolymer matrix [53]. Whilst a sample cured at 80 ℃ showed a dense structure, strongest compaction and more homogeneity because of high formation of more binding materials.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Waste Foundry Sand Mechanical Properties Through Stabilization Using Slag Based Geopolymer Binder

Sithole

Mashifana

Tsotetsi

2021

Preprint

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It is of paramount importance to minimize carbon emission generated from production of major building and construction materials used worldwide such as bricks and Ordinary Portland cement to achieve sustainability requirements. In this paper, the binding properties of the synthesized granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) geopolymers were assessed by developing eco-friendly waste foundry sand bricks. Four different mix designs were prepared by blending GBFS based geopolymer binder with aggregates (waste foundry sand and crushed stones). The amount of GBFS geopolymer binder was varied from 0 to 40 %. The developed specimens were evaluated for mechanical properties, durability, structural performance, and environmental impact. The specimens synthesised with 40 % GBFS geopolymer binder at a L/ S ratio of 15 % and cured at 80 ℃ achieved the highest UCS of 12 MPa. The results showed that the developed specimens are acid resistant which suggest that they can be used in corrosive environments and do not pose any threat of environmental pollution for long-term use. In conclusion, GBFS-based geopolymers can be used as binders to fabricate building bricks that meet the minimum requirement of ASTM C62-10 that can be used in negligible weathering conditions.

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Effects of curing temperature on the compressive strength and microstructure of copper tailing-based geopolymers

Cited by 109 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of Slag Reprocessing Tailings-Based Geopolymers in Marine Environment

Characterization of Slag Reprocessing Tailings-Based Geopolymers in Marine Environment

Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

Enhancement of Waste Foundry Sand Mechanical Properties Through Stabilization Using Slag Based Geopolymer Binder

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