Effects of Cross-sectional Area on Human Bite Studied with Raw Carrot andSurimiGel

Biomechanical evaluation of the equine masticatory action: Calculation of the masticatory forces occurring on the cheek tooth battery

“…Yet, the measuring device was not markedly larger than a piece of dry bread, a carrot, a horse cookie, or a small apple (food that today's horses get fed on a regular basis). Several studies on humans have shown that the actual masticatory forces differ depending on the kind of food, hard or soft (Kohyama et al, 2004;Kamegai et al, 2005;Duizer and Winger, 2006). It can be expected that horses will also adapt their masticatory forces to the size and These values were calculated on the basis of the values which had been measured on the teeth 306/406 by Staszyk et al (2006).…”

Mastication efforts on block and finely cut foods studied by electromyography

“…The subjects also required longer mastication time and greater muscle activity with larger mouthfuls of food (Diaz-Tay, Jayasinghe, Lucas, McCallum, & Jones, 1991;Miyawaki, Ohkochi, Kawakami, & Sugimura, 2001;Schieppati, Di Francesco, & Nardone, 1989). Either a fixed weight or volume has been used in mastication studies as a mouthful amount (Brown, Langley, Martin, & MacFie, 1994;Brown et al, 1998;Dan, Okuhara, & Kohyama, 2003;Dan, Watanabe, Dan, & Kohyama, 2004;Diaz-Tay et al, 1991;González et al, 2001;Kemsley et al, 2003;Kohyama, 2003aKohyama, , 2003bKohyama, Sakai, & Azuma, 2001;Kohyama et al, 2002a, Kohyama, Mioche, & Martin, 2002bKohyama, Sasaki, Hayakawa, & Hatakeyama, 2004;Kohyama et al, 2005aKohyama et al, , 2005bKohyama et al, 2005d;Miyawaki, Ohkochi, Kawakami, & Sugimura, 2000Schieppati et al, 1989). In this study, we compared the mastication effort of block-cut and finely cut foods with the same weight and volume using the EMG technique.…”

“…Roast pork and surimi gel were chosen as representative foods that have relatively low fracture stress and high fracture strain. Carrot, cucumber and surimi gel were used in our previous studies of bite force (Dan et al, 2003;Kohyama et al, 2001Kohyama et al, , 2004Kohyama, Hatakeyama, Dan, & Sasaki, 2005c) or EMG measurements (Kohyama et al, 2002a(Kohyama et al, , 2005c. We avoided easily consumed foods with a small fracture stress at a low fracture strain because they do not need to be finely cut.…”

Effects of Sample Thickness on Bite Force for Raw Carrots and Fish Gels

“…It is difficult to measure masticatory force using micro sensors attached to a tooth or denture using many subjects. A multiple‐point sheet sensing system for measuring bite force (Kohyama and Nishi 1997; Kohyama and Sakai 2001; Kohyama et al. 2001a,b, 2004a,b,c; Dan et al.…”

“…Fish gels were chosen because they were an exceptional sample that showed smaller chewing force for thicker samples (Takahashi and Nakazawa 1989) and we have studied bite force previously (Kohyama et al. 2001b, 2004c).…”