Biomechanical evaluation of the equine masticatory action: Calculation of the masticatory forces occurring on the cheek tooth battery

Huthmann, Stefanie; Staszyk, Carsten; Jacob, Hans-Georg; Rohn, Karl; Gasse, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.040

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…All CT fractures (even small slab fractures) have pulpar exposure (ie, are complicated fractures) (Dacre and others 2007). The fractures in the rostral aspect of 06s found in this study appear to be the sites of former small focal overgrowths that fractured under the high pressures of normal equine mastication (Huthmann and others 2009). Pulp horn 6 (endodontic numbering system of du Toit and others 2008c), was mainly affected in this study but appeared to be fully sealed off with tertiary dentine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A clinical survey on the prevalence and types of cheek teeth disorders present in 400 Zamorano‐Leonés and 400 Mirandês donkeys (Equus asinus)

et al. 2013

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Dental disease is now recognised as a major but often unrecognised disorder of equids, including horses and donkeys. However, very few large clinical studies have documented the prevalence and type of dental disease present in different equid populations and no dental studies have been reported in Zamorano-Leonés or Mirandês donkeys, two endangered donkey breeds. Clinical and detailed oral examinations were performed in 400 Mirandês and 400 Zamorano-Leonés donkeys in Portugal and Spain. It was found that just 4.5 per cent had ever received any previous dental care. Cheek teeth (CT) disorders were present in 82.8 per cent of these donkeys, ranging from a prevalence of 29.6 per cent in the <2.5-year-old group to 100 per cent in the >25-year-old group. These CT disorders included enamel overgrowths (73.1 per cent prevalence but with just 6.3 per cent having associated soft tissue injuries), focal overgrowths (37.3 per cent), periodontal disease (23.5 per cent) and diastemata (19.9 per cent). Peripheral caries was present in 5.9 per cent of cases, but inexplicably, infundibular caries was very rare (1.3 per cent prevalence); this may have been due to their almost fully foraged diet. The high prevalence of enamel overgrowths in these donkeys, most which never received concentrates, also raises questions about the aetiology of this disorder. This very high prevalence of CT disorders, especially in older donkeys, was of great welfare concern in some cases and emphasises the need for routine dental care in these cases on welfare grounds and in order to help preserve these unique breeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A clinical survey on the prevalence and types of cheek teeth disorders present in 400 Zamorano‐Leonés and 400 Mirandês donkeys (Equus asinus)

et al. 2013

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“…Therefore finite element calculations were performed for each of theses phases. During the closing stroke a mean force of 350N [26] occurs in occluso-apical direction along the longitudinal axis of the tooth, which simply causes an intrusion of the tooth into its alveolus. In our calculations this event was represented by a force application perpendicular to the alveolar crest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The power stroke causes a grinding of the lower jaw teeth upon the upper jaw teeth with a mean load of 1250N [26]. This load is divided into an occluso-apical orientated vector, representing the compression of the maxillary and mandibular teeth against each other, and a linguo-buccal (mandibular teeth) or bucco-palatal (maxillary teeth) orientated vector, describing the shearing action and friction between the teeth due to the sideward movement of the mandible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of masticatory forces which were applied in the FE simulations was measured and calculated in previous studies [26,27]. For simulations of the closing stroke a force of 350N [26] was applied perpendicular to a plane described by the alveolar crest (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simulations of the closing stroke a force of 350N [26] was applied perpendicular to a plane described by the alveolar crest (Figure 1). This plane was assumed to be perpendicular to the tooth’s longitudinal axis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Cordes

Lüpke²,

Gardemin³

et al. 2012

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn equine dentistry periodontal diseases, especially periapical inflammation, are frequently occurring problems. Anachoresis is believed to be the most common cause for the development of such disorders. Nevertheless, there is still no substantiated explanation why settlement of pathogen microorganisms occurs in equine periodontal tissues. It is expected that excessive strains and stresses occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the horse’s chewing cycle might be a predisposing factor. In this study this assumption was examined by finite element (FE) analyses on virtual 3-D models of equine maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, established on the basis of μCT datasets. Calculations were conducted both under conditions of closing and power stroke.ResultsResults showed a uniform distribution of low stresses and strain energy density (SED) during closing stroke, whereas during power stroke an occurrence of high stresses and SED could be observed in the PDL near the alveolar crest and in periapical regions.ConclusionThe concentration of forces during power stroke in these specific areas of the PDL may cause local tissue necrosis and inflammation and thus establish a suitable environment for the settlement of microorganisms.

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Macro and trace elements in equine nutrition

Coenen¹

2013

Equine Applied and Clinical Nutrition

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Biomechanical evaluation of the equine masticatory action: Calculation of the masticatory forces occurring on the cheek tooth battery

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

A clinical survey on the prevalence and types of cheek teeth disorders present in 400 Zamorano‐Leonés and 400 Mirandês donkeys (Equus asinus)

A clinical survey on the prevalence and types of cheek teeth disorders present in 400 Zamorano‐Leonés and 400 Mirandês donkeys (Equus asinus)

Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Macro and trace elements in equine nutrition

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