Effects of coupling agents on the mechanical properties improvement of the TiO2 reinforced epoxy system

Hussain, Manwar; Nakahira, Atsushi; Nishijima, Shigehiro; Niihara, Koichi

doi:10.1016/0167-577x(95)00253-7

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A similar finding was reported by Kamal et al 69) , who stated that titanate exhibits the best mechanical properties compared with silane because of the efficient bonding between nano-CaCO 3 and PP matrix in the former case. Therefore, the TCA used was more effective than the silane coupling agent 56,58,69) .…”

Section: Ceramic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, long chains on the fiber surface produce strong chain interactions at the composite interface 55) . Hussain et al 56) demonstrated that the hydrocarbon chains plasticize and improve the compatibility of the inorganic particle to the epoxy when titanate is bonded to an inorganic filler. The interfacial adhesive effects arise from the attachment of a large number of organic groups to the surface of the inorganic filler.…”

Section: Effect Of Chain Length Of the Coupling Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicate that the treated TiO 2 particles enhance the binding force of the samples and the dispersion in the polymer matrix. Another study 56) investigated the effects of different coupling agents on the mechanical properties of the TiO 2 particulate-filled epoxy composite. The study results reveal that the mechanical properties of the epoxy composite were enhanced using TCA through the formation of a strong interface or adhesion between the filler and matrix.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings show that the impact properties of the PP composites are enhanced by TCA, whereas silanes improve the tensile strength of the composites. A study 56) investigated the effect of silanes and TCA on the mechanical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO 2)/epoxy composite.…”

Section: Ceramic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies indicate that TCAs provide good interfacial bonding, improve mechanical properties, enhance homogeneous filler dispersion, and modify the rheological behavior of composites 2,9,45,46,[56][57][58][59][60] . Thus, titanate adhesion promoters allow higher filler loading of particulate matter to either improve the properties or decrease the cost of the system without adversely affecting its viscosity.…”

Section: Ceramic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of titanate coupling agents and their application for dental composite fabrication

et al. 2017

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Silane is a dominant coupler that is widely used in dentistry to promote adhesion among the components of dental composites. Silica-based fillers can be easily silanized because of their similarly ordered structure. However, silane is hydrolytically degraded in the aqueous oral environment and inefficiently bonds to non-silica fillers. Thus, the development of hydrolytically stable dental composites is an important objective in the research on dental materials. Titanate coupling agents (TCAs) exhibit satisfactory interfacial bonding, enhanced homogeneous filler dispersion, and improved mechanical properties of the composites. Titanates also provide superior hydrolytic stability in wet environments, which should be considered in fabricating dental composites. The addition of a small amount of titanates can improve the resistance of the composites to moisture. This paper reviews the effects of the instability of silanes in moisture on the performance of dental composites and presents TCAs as alternative couplers to silanes for fabricating dental composites.

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Section: Ceramic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Chain Length Of the Coupling Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ceramic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%