Effects of cortisol on in vitro interferon-gamma production, acute-phase proteins, growth, and feed intake in a calf castration model.

Fisher, Andrew; Crowe, M.A.; O'Nualláin, E M; Monaghan, M. L.; Larkin, Julie; O’Kiely, P.; Enright, W. J.

doi:10.2527/1997.7541041x

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As shown previously, castration had no effect on animal growth (Marks et al 1988;Fisher et al 1997). However, antibody response to antigenic stimulation was impaired in piglets receiving the first injection of BSA at 3 d of age compared to those immunized at 10 or 17 d of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In most studies, the suppressive effect is related to increased levels of cortisol and is usually observed for a short period of time after the stressor. As reported for other stressors, such as early weaning and restraint (Worsaae and Schmidt 1980;Blecha and Kelly 1981;Blecha et al 1983;Westly and Kelley 1984), secretion of GC is increased by castration in calves (Fisher et al 1997) and in 2-to 4-wk-old piglets (Schonreiter et al 1999). Therefore, induction of GC secretion by castration in piglets could be a possible explanation for the observed effects on antibody response and proliferation of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Lessard¹,

Taylor²,

Braithwaite³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 519-526. In this study, growth of piglets and their humoral and cellular immune responses were used to evaluate the effect of castration at different ages. Piglets (n = 84) from 14 litters were assigned to one of the six treatments: castration or sham-castration at 3, 10 or 17 d of age. An injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was given on the day of castration and a second one 14 d later. Blood samples were taken at different times to evaluate the antibody levels against BSA and lymphocyte blastogenesis responses to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The age of piglets at the first immunization significantly influenced (P < 0.0001) the ability to raise antibodies to the injected antigen. Three-day-old piglets developed weaker antibody response than those immunized at 10 or 17 d of age. Ten-and 17-d-old castrated piglets tended to develop weaker secondary antibody responses than sham-castrated piglets, while those castrated and sham-castrated at 3 d of age did not differ in their antibody response (interaction castration × age; P < 0.08). The fluctuation in lymphocyte blastogenesis response between days 21 and 35 was numerically greater in castrated than in shamcastrated piglets. Ratios between days 35 and 21 of PWM proliferative indexes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in piglets castrated at 10 or 17 d of age than in sham-castrated piglets. The results indicate that castration of piglets at 10 d of age or older impairs antibody response to BSA and modulates piglet lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Castration at 3 d of age had no marked effect on antibody response and lymphocyte proliferation. Thus castration appears to be less disruptive to immune response if performed at three days of age compared to 10 d of age or older. Dans cette étude, la croissance et les réponses immunitaires de type humoral et cellulaire ont été les paramètres choisis pour évaluer l'influence de l'âge des porcelets à la castration. Des porcelets provenant de 14 portées (6/portée) ont été assignés à un des groupes suivants: castré ou noncastré à l'âge de 3, 10 ou 17 jours. Une injection d'albumine bovine (BSA) a été donnée le jour de la castration et une seconde 14 jours plus tard. Des prises de sang ont été prélevées à différents temps pour évaluer la production d'anticorps contre BSA et la prolifération des lymphocytes activés avec les mitogènes concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinine (PHA) et pokeweed (PWM). L'âge des porcelets à la première immunisation a significativement influencé (P < 0.0001) leur capacité à répondre à l'antigène injecté. Les porcelets immunisés dès l'âge de trois jours ont développé une réponse anticorps secondaire contre BSA plus faible (P < 0.0001) que ceux ayant reçu une première injection à l'âge de 10 ou 17 jours. Les porcelets castrés à l'âge de 10 ou 17 jours avaient tendance à développer une réponse anticorps secondaire inférieure à celle...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Lessard¹,

Taylor²,

Braithwaite³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Surgical castration is associated with increased circulating cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations and decreased gamma-interferon production (Fisher et al, 1997;Earley and Crowe, 2002). An increase in cortisol and haptoglobin causes a suppression of lymphocyte function and a decrease in gamma-interferon is associated with impaired cellmediated immunity and reduced response to antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oral meloxicam on health and performance of beef steers relative to bulls castrated on arrival at the feedlot1

Coetzee

Edwards

Mosher

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Castration in weaned calves is stressful and affects profitability by reducing ADG and increasing susceptibility to disease. This study evaluated the effect of meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on performance and health of calves received as steers compared with bull calves surgically castrated on arrival at the feedlot. British × Continental bulls (n = 145) and steers (n = 113; BW = 193 to 285 kg) were transported for 12 h in 3 truckloads (d 0), weighed, and randomly assigned to receive either lactose placebo (CONT; 1 mg/kg) or meloxicam (MEL; 1 mg/kg) suspended in water and administered per os, 24 h before castration. On d 1, bulls were surgically castrated (CAST) and steers were processed without castration (STR). Combinations of CONT/MEL and CAST/STR were allocated to 24 pens (6 pens per treatment) of 8 to 14 calves each. Pen was the experimental unit. Plasma meloxicam concentrations at the time of castration (d 1) were determined by HPLC-mass spectroscopy. Pen-level ADG, DMI, and G:F were estimated using BW obtained on d 0, 14, and 28 and weigh-back of feed. Individual animals were classified as sick based on a depression score of ≥2 on a 5-point scale and a rectal temperature of ≥39.8°C. On d 0, 1, and 14, calf chute temperament was evaluated using a 4-point scale. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and survival curve analyses. Castration reduced pen ADG (P < 0.001) and G:F (P < 0.001) from d 1 to 14, yet no effects (P > 0.45) were apparent by d 28. For all treatment groups, DMI increased with days on feed (P < 0.0001) but was less in CAST compared with STR calves (P < 0.016) throughout the study. From d 15 to 28, ADG increased (P = 0.0011) in CAST but not STR calves, and G:F decreased (P = 0.0004) in STR but not CAST calves. In CAST calves only, MEL treatment reduced the pen-level first pull rate (P = 0.04) and reduced bovine respiratory disease morbidity rate (P = 0.03). The frequency of chute escape behavior was greater on arrival and at castration in CAST vs. STR calves (P < 0.01) but not significantly different at d 14 (P = 0.22). Mean MEL concentrations at castration were no different between treated STR and CAST calves (P = 0.70). Meloxicam administration before castration in postweaning calves reduced the incidence of respiratory disease at the feedlot. These findings have implications for developing NSAID protocols for use in calves at castration with respect to addressing animal health and welfare concerns. ABSTRACT: Castration in weaned calves is stressful and affects profitability by reducing ADG and increasing susceptibility to disease. This study evaluated the effect of meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on performance and health of calves received as steers compared with bull calves surgically castrated on arrival at the feedlot. British × Continental bulls (n = 145) and steers (n = 113; BW = 193 to 285 kg) were transported for 12 h in 3 truckloads (d 0), weighed, and randomly assigned to receive either lactose pla...

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“…Banding is not associated with changes in the Hp concentration [41], whereas castration is followed by an increased Hp level Cattle Experimental local aseptic inflammation [22,28] Infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus and Pasteurella haemolytica [61] Experimental infection with P. multocida [33] Experimental infection with P. haemolytica [87] Infection with bovine herpes virus 1 and P. haemolytica A1 [58] Experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus [65] Natural infections with foot-and-mouth disease virus [81] Mastitis [40,68,70,130,152] Various acute infections under field conditions [164] Clinical respiratory tract disease [188] Various inflammatory diseases [6] Acute inflammations [104] Castration [35,47,50,51,52] Ruminotomy [119] Metritis [71,165,166] Severe uterine bacterial post partum contamination [160] Fatty liver (hepatic lipidosis) [87,124,192] Nonfeeding for 3 days [88] Starvation for 2 days combined with Dexamethasone treatments [193] Transportation for 2 days [120] Major injuries at slaughter/culling [69,149] Horse Experimental aseptic arthritis [80] Experimental local aseptic inflammation [113,171] Experimentally induced noninfectious ...…”

Section: Bovine Haptoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

2004

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-The body's early defence in response to trauma, inflammation or infection, the acute phase response, is a complex set of systemic reactions seen shortly after exposure to a triggering event. One of the many components is an acute phase protein response in which increased hepatic synthesis leads to increased serum concentration of positive acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of these acute phase proteins returns to base levels when the triggering factor is no longer present. This paper provides a review of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A and their possible use as non-specific indicators of health in large animal veterinary medicine such as in the health status surveillance of pigs at the herd level, for the detection of mastitis in dairy cattle and for the prognosis of respiratory diseases in horses.

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Effects of cortisol on in vitro interferon-gamma production, acute-phase proteins, growth, and feed intake in a calf castration model.

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Effect of oral meloxicam on health and performance of beef steers relative to bulls castrated on arrival at the feedlot1

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

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