Effects of collecting serial tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage samples on the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples in healthy Standardbred horses

Tee, S Y; Dart, Aj; Macdonald, Melissa; Perkins, N. R.; Horadagoda, N. U.; Jeffcott, L. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00950.x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As only one horse in our current study had an excessive percentage of eosinophils, the question remains unanswered. There is no suspicion of diluting such inflammatory cells with serial sampling, or exacerbating inflammation with serial HBP, as previous investigations have shown no effect on BAL cytology following HBP or sequential BALs within a 24-h period ( 57 – 59 ). While the effect of serial lidocaine exposure on BAL cytology remains to be evaluated, no immediate idiosyncratic effect on lower airway cytology was noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses

et al. 2022

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Background: Nebulized lidocaine appears promising as a novel corticosteroid-sparing therapeutic for equine asthma, but its safety and pharmacokinetic behavior have yet to be confirmed. Frontiers in Veterinary Science frontiersin.org Minuto et al. . /fvets. .unchanged, increased airway reactivity to histamine bronchoprovocation in the absence of clinical signs was seen in some horses following nebulization. Further research is necessary to evaluate drug delivery, adverse events, and e cacy in asthmatic horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses

et al. 2022

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“…Horses were examined for subclinical respiratory disease through basic clinical examination of the respiratory tract complemented by endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract and tracheal wash (TW) collection as described previously ( 23 ). Cytological analysis of TW aspirates was performed using modified methods from Tee et al ( 24 ). TW smears were stained using Wright-Giemsa stain (Hema-tek stain pack, Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd, Australia) and an average of four differential cell counts on 100 cells using high-power (100X) light microscopy was expressed as a percentage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Transport and Changes in Equid Herpesvirus' Status

et al. 2018

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The risk of respiratory disease in the transported horse can increase as a consequence of immunosuppression and stress associated primarily with opportunistic bacterial proliferation and viral reactivation. This study examines the ecology of equid herpesviruses (EHV) in these horses, exploring reactivation and changes in infection and shedding associated with transport, and any potential contributions to transport-related respiratory disease. Twelve horses were subjected to an 8-h road-transport event. Antibodies to EHV-1 and EHV-4 were detected by ELISA in serum collected prior to, immediately after and 2 weeks post transport. Respiratory tract endoscopy and tracheal washes were collected prior to and 5 days after transportation. Nasal swabs collected prior to, immediately after, 1 and 5 days following transport were screened for EHV-1,-2,-4,-5 using qPCR. Six horses had persistent neutrophilic airway infiltrates post transportation, indicative of subclinical respiratory disease. No horses were qPCR positive for either of the alphaherpesviruses (i.e., EHV-1/-4) nor did any seroconvert to either virus. Four out of nine horses positive for either EHV-2 or EHV-5 on qPCR prior to transport developed neutrophilic airway inflammation. Five horses showed increasingly positive readings on qPCR (i.e., reduced Cq) for EHV-2 after transportation and seven out of eleven horses positive for EHV-2 after transport shared strains of high sequence similarity with other horses in the study. One EHV-2 virus detected in one horse after transport was genetically different which may be due to reactivation. The clinical significance of EHV-2 and EHV-5 remains in question. However these results indicate that transportation may lead to increased shedding, transmission and reactivation of EHV-2 and EHV-5 but not EHV-1/-4. Unlike previous work focusing on the role of alphaherpesviruses, this research suggests that investigation of the gammaherpesviruses (i.e., EHV-2/-5) in transport-related disease should not be dismissed, particularly given that these viruses can encode suppressive immunomodulators that may affect host health.

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“…Fluid obtained from healthy horses contains 60% of macrophages, 35% of lymphocytes, <5% of neutrophils, and <2% of mast cells (19). Whereas, BALF obtained from RAO-affected horses contains 50%-85% of nondegenerated segmented neutrophils (3,4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses - clinical and laboratory findings

Niedźwiedź

Jaworski

2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of chronic respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses maintained in a stable and pasture, under condition typical for pleasure horses in Poland. The study was conducted on 14 adult horses, consistent with regard to environment and living conditions. The horses were divided into two groups: seven horses not affected by any respiratory problem (control group) and seven horses with history of lower airway disease (study group). Clinical and laboratory evaluation, endoscopic examination, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal wash, and lung ultrasound were performed in all horses. Median (25 th and 75 th percentiles) for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid differential cell count in control horses was 55.8 (49.8 and 59.1) of macrophages, 41 (38.5 and 45.9) of lymphocytes, and 5.1 (4.1 and 5.3) of neutrophils, whereas in the study group they were 32.8 (25.9 and 35.7) of macrophages, 59.8 (51.3 and 64.8) of lymphocytes, and 38.1 (34.8 and 41.1) of neutrophils. It was concluded that chronic respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses were probably caused by recurrent airway obstruction.

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Effects of collecting serial tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage samples on the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples in healthy Standardbred horses

Abstract: Serial TA and BAL samples can be taken at 24 h intervals without affecting the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples collected using the techniques described.

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses

Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses

Equine Transport and Changes in Equid Herpesvirus' Status

Recurrent respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses - clinical and laboratory findings

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