Effects of Cold Environments on the Energy Exchanges of Young Beef Cattle

Webster, A. J. F.; CHLUMECKY, J.; Young, Bruce A.

doi:10.4141/cjas70-011

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…McLean et al (1984) found that rectal temperature measured once daily was the same in beef cows housed at 18°C as in cows housed outside at temperatures ranging from 0 to -30°C. Webster et al (1970) found no differences in rectal temperatures measured weekly in growing beef calves raised indoors (20°C) compared to calves raised outdoors in temperatures ranging from 14 to -29°C. In contrast, Young (1975b) found that rectal temper- For personal use only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Cold environments induce physiological responses that increase maintenance energy requirements (Christopherson and Kennedy 1983;Delfino and Matheson 1991;Scott and Christopherson 1993;Young 1981). The detrimental effects of prolonged cold exposure on the growth rate and feed requirements of beef cattle in western Canada have been well documented (Webster et al 1970;Milligan and Christison 1974;Young 1975aYoung , 1981Delfino and Matheson 1991). However, as noted by DeDios and Hahn (1994), the majority of thermoregulatory studies have examined the effects of long-term heat (summer) or cold (winter) stress, rather than the transition to warm (spring) or cold (autumn) weather.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Bergen¹,

Kennedy²,

Christopherson³

2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2001. Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 459-465. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 18) fed at 1.3× maintenance were exposed to summer daytime temperatures (20 ± 0.2°C) for 8 h (08:00 until 16:00) and to control (22°C), moderate (-6°C) or cold (-15°C) environments for 16 h daily (16:00 until 08:00) for a minimum 21-d adaptation period to investigate the effects of intensity of intermittent cold exposure on vaginal temperature and resting heat production. Resting heat production was measured at the end of the adaptation period. Vaginal temperature was continuously monitored throughout the experiment using radiotelemetry. Vaginal temperature increased immediately after the onset of cold exposure in both moderate and cold treatments, peaked after 3 h, and returned to pre-exposure levels by the time the 16-h treatment ended. In contrast, vaginal temperatures of control heifers peaked only after feeding at 08:30. Treatment did not affect daily maximum (P = 0.60), mean (P = 0.72) or minimum (P = 0.34) vaginal temperatures, but heifers in both cold-exposed treatments spent more time (P = 0.03) with vaginal temperatures exceeding the daily mean vaginal temperature than control heifers. Compared to control heifers, the variability of vaginal temperature increased 1.8-and 2.2-fold in the moderate and cold treatments, respectively (P = 0.04), and did not change with time (P = 0.98). Resting heat production did not increase following 21 d of exposure to moderate and cold conditions. Results of this study indicate that intermittent cold exposure influenced circadian body temperature rhythms without increasing resting heat production. exposition intermittente au froid sur la température vaginale et sur la production de chaleur au repos, mesurée à la fin de la période d'adaptation. La température vaginale a été vérifiée en permanence par radiotélémétrie. La température vaginale augmente immédiatement avec l'exposition au froid, tant avec le froid modéré que le froid intense, atteint un plateau au bout de 3 heures et revient à la température initiale au terme des 16 heures du traitement. La température vaginale des sujets témoins, en revanche, n'atteint un plateau qu'après la ration de 8 h 30. Le traitement n'a aucune incidence sur la température maximale (P = 0,60), moyenne (P = 0,72) ou minimale (P = 0,34) quotidienne dans le vagin, mais la température vaginale des génisses des deux groupes exposés au froid demeure plus longtemps (P = 0,03) au-dessus de la température moyenne que chez les sujets témoins. Comparativement au groupe témoin, les génisses soumises à un froid modéré et à un froid intense voient la variabilité de leur température vaginale multipliée de 1,8 et de 2,2, respectivement (P = 0,04), sans variation dans le temps (P = 0,98). La production de chaleur au repos ne s'accroît pas après les 21 jours d'exposition à un froid modéré ou intense. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent qu'une exposition intermitt...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Bergen¹,

Kennedy²,

Christopherson³

2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The recovery from an initial over-reaction in Ts and RR on change of environment is typical of acclimatization to prolonged heat or cold stress (Webster et al 1970;Young 1975 Generally there was no significant difference in the 18'C environment or in the cold between the first and second measurement day, nor was the interaction DA ever significant. The exceptions were the marginally significant day effects surprisingly found for Tr during the cold exposure and for M during the l8"C exposure treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Heat Storage, Metabolism and Respiration of Cows Abruptly Exposed and Acclimatized to Cold and 18 °c Environments

McLean¹,

Whitmore²,

Young³

et al. 1984

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Coat thickness was measured on eight cows (four of each breed) taken at random at the end of the experiment. An engineer's depth gauge was used to measure the depth of the coat at several sites on both sides of the cow in three horizontal lines to give a minimum of 24 measurements per cow with at least one measurement from the neck, the top of the front leg and the middle section of the rear leg (Blaxter and Wainman, 1964;Webster et al, 1970).…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the welfare challenges to out-wintered pregnant suckler cows

Morgan¹,

McIlvaney²,

Dwyer³

et al. 2009

Animal

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Out-wintering beef cows reduces annual housing costs and bedding requirements and there is less exposure to diseases associated with housing. However, to counter these benefits cows may be exposed to conditions that pose a significant challenge to welfare, and ways of assessing this are required. Two feeding treatments were applied to four groups of 10 cows (two groups/treatment), one to maintain condition score (H) and the other to allow a modest loss of condition score (L), which is commonly applied in farm practice. Cow groups were rotated around four paddocks in a Latin Square design of four periods each of 3 weeks, and they were weighed and condition was scored at the end of each period. Their behaviour and location was recorded at 30-min intervals with six 3-h sessions in each period. Ambient temperature, wind speed, rainfall and solar radiation were recorded every 30 min to enable calculation of cow lower critical temperature (LCT). The climatic conditions were wet at the start of the experiment with moderate wind speeds throughout (5 m/s) and relatively mild ambient temperature (58C). Feeding treatment had no significant effect on any of the variables measured. Cows spent most of the observation sessions standing, particularly at the beginning of the experiment when the soil conditions were wettest. They sought sheltered locations when wind speeds were high and thus their calculated LCT was near or below ambient temperature. Nutritional models predicted periods of cold stress but the cows adapted their behaviour to counteract this, emphasising the need for a combined physical and behavioural approach to assessing welfare challenges.

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Effects of Cold Environments on the Energy Exchanges of Young Beef Cattle

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Body Heat Storage, Metabolism and Respiration of Cows Abruptly Exposed and Acclimatized to Cold and 18 °c Environments

Assessing the welfare challenges to out-wintered pregnant suckler cows

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