Effects of climate scenarios on the growth and physiology of the Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)

Predicted 2100 climate scenarios affects growth and skeletal development of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) larvae

“…The proximity revealed by the cluster analysis between the A1B and A2 scenarios reinforces the hypothesis that the species will be severely affected by moderate or drastic climatic changes, as also reported by Oliveira and Val (). When analyzing the significant associations found between severe skeletal anomalies and climate change scenarios, especially the most drastic one (A2), and between larval quality index and the larvae exposed to current conditions, we assume that the predicted climate changes, regardless of its dimension will affect the life cycle of the species C. macropomum .…”

“…One of the most important fish species in the Amazon region is the tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ), which is, despite its ecological importance, highly explored in extractive fisheries and aquaculture, thus serving as an economic resource for several communities. As demonstrated in a previous study, future climate change will affect the physiological performance of tambaqui juveniles, possibly hindering its frequency in natural environments (Oliveira & Val, ). In this sense, tambaqui larvae may also be affected by such environmental changes, especially during its ontogeny, when its physiological and metabolic processes are not fully developed.…”

“…The Amazon region is especially vulnerable to the effects of predicted climate change in the future, considering its great richness of species and characteristic seasonal environmental changes (IPCC, , ). Increased temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations are constantly being registered all over the world and bring several concerns regarding the environment's dynamics and respective effects on plants and animals (Kochhann, Campos, & Val, ; Miller, Kroon, Metcalfe, & Munday, ; Oliveira & Val, ; Rosenzweig et al., ; Tseng et al., ). Likewise, reduced precipitation rates are expected in the Amazon region (IPCC, ), especially due to anthropogenic actions such as deforestation (Malhi et al., ), which directly affects this biome.…”

“…As verified in several studies, both temperature and CO 2 uptake in the oceans are increasing in a worrying scale, and by 2100, temperature may rise by up to 4°C, and pH is estimated to drop over 0.4 units (Caldeira & Wickett, ; IPCC, ). Thus, freshwater environments may also be affected, disturbing physiological mechanisms of living organisms, such as the ontogeny of organs and systems, growth and metabolism (Oliveira & Val, ; Pimentel et al., ; Rosa et al., ), leading to increased mortality rates (Ishimatsu, Kikkawa, Hayashi, Lee, & Kita, ). It is noteworthy that under stressful thermal conditions, aquatic organisms tend to be more susceptible to other stressors, such as water acidification (Byrne, ; Byrne, Soars, Selvakumaraswamy, Dworjany, & Davis, ; Rosa et al., , ), especially younger organisms, due to the lack of a well‐developed physiological apparatus that aids the ionic balance.…”

Preface: ADAPTA—adaptations of aquatic biota of the Amazon

“…The extreme environmental scenarios cause an increase of food intake and decreased growth rate of the animals. This means that more effort is needed to maintain fish production in captivity; and in nature it is suggested that an ecological imbalance in the food web would take place (Oliveira & Val, 2016).…”