Effects of climate change on Canada’s Pacific marine ecosystems: a summary of scientific knowledge

Okey, Thomas A.; Alidina, Hussein M.; Lo, Veronica; Jessen, Sabine

doi:10.1007/s11160-014-9342-1

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…While PCBs represent only one chemical class found in killer whales, they are considered the preeminent contaminant threat to high trophic level species in the Northern Hemisphere (Elliott, Butler, Norstrom & Whitehead, ; Ross et al., ; Ylitalo et al., ). In addition, ocean temperatures are projected to increase in the 21st century in the Northeast Pacific, resulting in shifts in distribution and abundance of species, including important prey of killer whales such as salmon (Cheung, Brodeur, Okey & Pauly, ; Cullon et al., ; Ford, Ellis, Olesiuk & Balcomb, ; Okey, Alidina, Lo & Jessen, ; Ross et al., ) (Figure ). Reduced abundance of their primary prey, Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), during warming ocean episodes has coincided with subsequent periods of higher mortality in resident killer whale populations (Ford et al., ).…”

Section: Case Study: Climate–pollutant Impacts On Apex Predators In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change–contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework

Alava

Cheung

Ross

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

129

110

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Climate change is reshaping the way in which contaminants move through the global environment, in large part by changing the chemistry of the oceans and affecting the physiology, health, and feeding ecology of marine biota. Climate change-associated impacts on structure and function of marine food webs, with consequent changes in contaminant transport, fate, and effects, are likely to have significant repercussions to those human populations that rely on fisheries resources for food, recreation, or culture. Published studies on climate change-contaminant interactions with a focus on food web bioaccumulation were systematically reviewed to explore how climate change and ocean acidification may impact contaminant levels in marine food webs. We propose here a conceptual framework to illustrate the impacts of climate change on contaminant accumulation in marine food webs, as well as the downstream consequences for ecosystem goods and services. The potential impacts on social and economic security for coastal communities that depend on fisheries for food are discussed. Climate change-contaminant interactions may alter the bioaccumulation of two priority contaminant classes: the fat-soluble persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as the protein-binding methylmercury (MeHg). These interactions include phenomena deemed to be either climate change dominant (i.e., climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure) or contaminant dominant (i.e., contamination leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility). We illustrate the pathways of climate change-contaminant interactions using case studies in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The important role of ecological and food web modeling to inform decision-making in managing ecological and human health risks of chemical pollutants contamination under climate change is also highlighted. Finally, we identify the need to develop integrated policies that manage the ecological and socioeconomic risk of greenhouse gases and marine pollutants.

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Section: Case Study: Climate–pollutant Impacts On Apex Predators In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change–contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework

Alava

Cheung

Ross

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

129

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Footprints of climate change have been reported for nearly all major marine ecosystems around the world (e.g. Hoegh-Guldberg & Bruno, 2010;Hobday & Lough, 2011;Wassmann et al, 2011;Okey et al, 2014). However, neither the physical drivers of climate change nor their impacts on ocean ecosystems manifest homogeneously over the world oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From global to regional and back again: common climate stressors of marine ecosystems relevant for adaptation across five ocean warming hotspots

Popova

Yool

Byfield

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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Ocean warming ‘hotspots’ are regions characterized by above‐average temperature increases over recent years, for which there are significant consequences for both living marine resources and the societies that depend on them. As such, they represent early warning systems for understanding the impacts of marine climate change, and test‐beds for developing adaptation options for coping with those impacts. Here, we examine five hotspots off the coasts of eastern Australia, South Africa, Madagascar, India and Brazil. These particular hotspots have underpinned a large international partnership that is working towards improving community adaptation by characterizing, assessing and projecting the likely future of coastal‐marine food resources through the provision and sharing of knowledge. To inform this effort, we employ a high‐resolution global ocean model forced by Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 and simulated to year 2099. In addition to the sea surface temperature, we analyse projected stratification, nutrient supply, primary production, anthropogenic CO 2‐driven ocean acidification, deoxygenation and ocean circulation. Our simulation finds that the temperature‐defined hotspots studied here will continue to experience warming but, with the exception of eastern Australia, may not remain the fastest warming ocean areas over the next century as the strongest warming is projected to occur in the subpolar and polar areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we find that recent rapid change in SST is not necessarily an indicator that these areas are also hotspots of the other climatic stressors examined. However, a consistent facet of the hotspots studied here is that they are all strongly influenced by ocean circulation, which has already shown changes in the recent past and is projected to undergo further strong change into the future. In addition to the fast warming, change in local ocean circulation represents a distinct feature of present and future climate change impacting marine ecosystems in these areas.

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“…23 species outside of their typical range (Doney et al, 2012;Okey et al, 2014;Roemmich et al, 2015). Eaton and Scheller (1996) performed a thermal analysis of how climate change would affect the habitat range of 57 freshwater fish species and predicted that coldwater species could have a 50% reduction in habitat and that some warm water species spatial ranges would expand.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus

et al. 2016

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Effects of climate change on Canada’s Pacific marine ecosystems: a summary of scientific knowledge

Cited by 48 publications

References 252 publications

Climate change–contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework

Climate change–contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework

From global to regional and back again: common climate stressors of marine ecosystems relevant for adaptation across five ocean warming hotspots

Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus

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