Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus

Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Sanders, George E.; Conway, Carla M.; Binkowski, Fred P.; Winton, James R.; Kurath, Gael

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Such impacts can include death, as has been reported by Haghighi‐Khiabanian Asl, Bandehpour, Bandehpour, Sharifnia, and Kazemi (), who detected a molecularly uncharacterized SVCV‐like virus responsible for mortalities in adult rainbow trout. Likewise, tilapia, zebrafish and even trout could act as carriers of this viral agent (Emmenegger et al, ; OIE, 2017b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In any case, the occurrence of this case should alert health authorities to be on guard for other cases. For example, after the first SVCV outbreak at a koi farm in North America in 2002, eight subsequent SVCV detections or outbreaks have been recorded (Emmenegger et al, ). This exotic virus could, therefore, represent a potential threat to native and culture fish populations in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico

Ortega

Cañas-López

Irgang

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, Rhabdoviridae family, and a List 1 pathogen notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. This study describes the diagnosis of an SVCV pathogen isolated in October 2015 from wild common carp inhabiting a natural lagoon in central Mexico. While neither an epidemic nor fish mortalities were reported, the collected killed specimens exhibited clinical signs of disease (e.g., exopthalmia, moderate abdominal distension and haemorrhaging, as well as internal haemorrhages and adhesions). Histological results of injuries were consistent with the pathology caused by SVCV. This finding was supported by the isolation of a virus in EPC and BF‐2 cells and subsequent RT‐PCR confirmation of SVCV. The phylogenetic analyses of partial SVCV glycoprotein gene sequences classified the isolates into the Ia genogroup. These findings make this the first report of SVCV detection in Mexico, extending the southern geographical range of SVCV within North America. However, since this pathogen was detected in fish inhabiting a natural body of water without tributaries or effluents, it is difficult to estimate the risk of SVCV for other wild/feral cohabitating cyprinid species in the lagoon. The status of this virus is also unknown for other bodies of water within this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico

Ortega

Cañas-López

Irgang

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Single fish were thawed, initially diluted in MEM containing antibiotics and homogenized following the procedures described by Emmenegger et al. (). The initial homogenate supernatant was further diluted in the same medium to a final 1:40 dilution, and infectious virus titres (PFU/g) for individual fish were determined by plaque assay using the Batts and Winton () protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(), and internal primers 379+ and 825−, based on conserved G‐gene regions delineated by Björklund et al. (), to amplify a 447‐base pair product (Emmenegger et al., ). RNA extracted from the European SVCV strain P4 (also known as P4–7) was used as a positive control (Stone et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RT‐PCR and second round nested PCR reagents and thermocycler parameters used for both assays have been described by Emmenegger et al. (). The nested PCR products amplified from the experiment RNA samples, positive control RNA extracts and negative (PCR solution without template) controls were subjected to electrophoresis, and samples producing bands at the expected size were considered positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish

Emmenegger

Biacchesi

Mérour

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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European SVCV G-gene to make the rIHNV-Gsvcv. The chimeric rIHNV-Gsvcv level of virulence in rainbow trout, common carp and koi was assessed, and its ability to induce a protective immune response in surviving koi against wild-type SVCV infection was tested. The rIHNV-Gsvcv infection of trout led to high mortality, ranging from 78% to 92.5%, after immersion. In contrast, no deaths occurred in juvenile common carp after infection with rIHNV-Gsvcv by either immersion or intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Similarly, koi infected with rIHNV-Gsvcv via IP injection had little to no mortality (≤9%). Koi that survived initial infection with a high dose of recombinant virus rIHNV-Gsvcv were protected against a virulent SVCV challenge resulting in a high relative per cent survival of 82.5%.

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Isolations of the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus in the Upper Mississippi River (USA), Including a New Host, the Quillback

et al. 2022

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In July of 2018 and 2019, wild fish health surveys were conducted along the Wisconsin and Minnesota portions of the upper Mississippi River. Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) was isolated from Common Carp Cyprinus carpio as well as a newly identified host species, the Quillback Carpiodes cyprinus. Sanger sequencing of the gene encoding for the G protein revealed a high similarity of the Quillback isolate to various SVCV isolates identified from Common Carp that were collected during earlier wild fish health surveys and mortality events in the USA. Despite annual monitoring, this virus has been infrequently identified. The speculative role of native fish and invertebrates in allowing the virus to persist for long periods without detection is discussed.

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Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico

First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico

Virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish

Isolations of the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus in the Upper Mississippi River (USA), Including a New Host, the Quillback

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