Effects of citric acid washing on the thermodynamic interaction of some coals with acids

Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: A review

“…In their case, the Freundlich equation was found to give the best fit. However, pretreated coal has been found to be better than the original coal as an adsorbent for phenol removal (Ahsan et al, 1994). Coal is known to possess good microporosity and thus a large surface area, although the utilization of the pores in the reaction/interaction of the surface is poor.…”

“…The most important ones of such adsorbents are coal (Ahmaruzzaman and Sharma, 2005;Ahsan et al, 1994;Haghseresht and Lu, 1998;Hobday et al, 1994;Tarasevich, 2001), fly ash (Acharya, 2005;Batabyal et al, 1995;Gupta et al, 1998;Srivastava et al, 2006;Wang and Jiang, 2007), red mud Tor et al, 2006), and waste sludge (Jain et al, 2004;Rio et al, 2005;Otero et al, 2003).…”

“…Recently, some nature and cheap adsorbents have been developed in the laboratory (Ahmaruzzaman and Sharma, 2005;Ahsan et al, 1994;Batabyal et al, 1995;Gupta et al, 1998Gupta et al, , 2004Haghseresht and Lu, 1998;Hobday et al, 1994;Jain et al, 2004;Otero et al, 2003;Rio et al, 2005;Sarkar and Acharya, 2006;Srivastava et al, 2006;Tarasevich, 2001;Tor et al, 2006;Wang and Jiang, 2007). Research interests into the production of alternative adsorbents to replace costly activated carbon and synthetic resins have intensified in recent years.…”

Adsorption of phenols from wastewater

“…The adsorption of phenolic compounds onto coal-reject-derived adsorbents has also been reported [21]. However, pretreated coal has been found to be better than original coal as an adsorbent for the removal of phenol [22]. Attempts have also been made to activate the coal to increase its capacity to adsorb phenol from phenol-rich wastewater.…”

Surface Thermodynamics for Hydrocarbons on Wyodak Coals

“…Several workers have studied intermolecular forces in low-rank coals. [19][20][21][22][23][24] These coals possess ionic (cation) mineral matter forms which are not present in higher rank coals because the (carboxylic) sites for cation binding are lost with increased metamorphosis. 25 Studies of intermolecular forces in low-rank coals have mostly concentrated on their ionic forces.…”