Effects of cigarette smoking on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a) in healthy subjects

Predictors of lipoprotein(a) levels in a European and South Asian population in the Newcastle Heart Project

“…In Caucasians more than 90% of the variation in Lp(a) levels is explained by variation in the number of K-IV repeats and by a largely unknown sequence variation at the apo(a) gene locus [5]. Some studies have shown that Lp(a) levels may be partly determined by other variables, such as age [6], sex [7,8], waist-hip ratio [9], glucose tolerance [10], alcohol consumption [11] and smoking [12] but the results of such studies are untypical. The apo(a) size polymorphism does not affect Lp(a) levels to the same degree in all populations [4].…”

Smoking and apolipoprotein levels: A meta-analysis of published data

“…1 . For the analyses of smoking status and its association to apolipoprotein levels, a total of 66 publications that assessed the effect of smoking status on any of the following parameters were identified: 39 studies on apolipoprotein AI [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , ten studies on apolipoprotein AII [23] , [24] , [26] , [32] , [34] , [36] , [43] , [47] , [53] , [55] , 40 studies on apolipoprotein B [23] , [24] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [32] , [34] , [35] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ...…”

“…The pooled mean levels of apolipoprotein AI were 1.48 ± 0.009 g/L in smokers and 1.54 ± 0.007 g/L in nonsmokers. The meta-analysis for apolipoprotein AI levels between smokers and nonsmokers was performed using data from 39 studies including 59 estimates [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] . The fixed-effects model mean difference was − 0.038 (95% CI: −0.041, −0.035 g/L, I 2 =90%).…”

Smoking and its association with serum lipid levels

“…Although several studies [34,35] provide the evidence that tobacco is strongly associated with altering the normal status of the lipid profile, there still is inconclusive evidence regarding the alteration of a particular lipoprotein, particularly to high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Some authors have concluded that HDL levels were same for smokers and nonsmokers [36], while others have found conflicting results wherein significant variations (low levels of HDL in cigarette smokers) were obtained [37,38]. Our study doesn't show significant alteration in the values of HDL-C in smokers as well as non-smokers (p= 0.7919) while different studies revealed that absenters had shown increase in HDL, total HDL and large HDL particles compared with those continuing smoking which is seen to be raised in non-smokers.…”