Effects of chronic exposure to benzophenone and diclofenac on DNA methylation levels and reproductive success in a marine copepod

Guyon, Anais; Smith, Kirsty F.; Charry, Maria P.; Champeau, Olivier; Tremblay, Louis A.

doi:10.4081/xeno.2018.7674

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…There are few ecotoxicological studies regarding benzophenone. A marine copepod chronically exposed to benzophenone exhibited decreased egg viability and hatching success as well as significant genomic DNA methylation, raising concerns for potential intra- and trans-generational evolutionary effects. In rainbow trout, benzophenone binds to the trout estrogen receptor and induces vitellogenin mRNA in liver slices . A more fascinating historical examination of benzophenone is that the first patents on benzophenone were for its herbicidal properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzophenone Accumulates over Time from the Degradation of Octocrylene in Commercial Sunscreen Products

Downs

DiNardo

Stien

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Benzophenone is a mutagen, carcinogen, and endocrine disruptor. Its presence in food products or food packaging is banned in the United States. Under California Proposition 65, there is no safe harbor for benzophenone in any personal care products, including sunscreens, anti-aging creams, and moisturizers. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) if benzophenone was present in a wide variety of commercial sun protection factor (SPF)/sunscreen products, (2) whether benzophenone concentration in the product increased over time, and (3) if the degradation of octocrylene was the likely source for benzophenone contamination. Benzophenone concentration was assayed in nine commercial sunscreen products from the European Union and eight from the United States (in triplicate), including two single ingredient sources of octocrylene. These same SPF items were subjected to the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA)-accelerated stability aging protocol for 6 weeks. Benzophenone was measured in the accelerated-aged products. Sixteen octocrylene-containing product lines that were recently purchased had an average concentration of 39 mg/kg benzophenone, ranging from 6 mg/kg to 186 mg/kg. Benzophenone was not detectable in the product that did not contain octocrylene. After subjecting the 17 products to the U.S. FDA-accelerated stability method, the 16 octocrylene-containing products had an average concentration of 75 mg/kg, ranging from 9.8 mg/kg to 435 mg/kg. Benzophenone was not detectable in the product that did not contain octocrylene. Benzophenone was detected in the pure octocrylene manufactured ingredient. Octocrylene generates benzophenone through a retro-aldol condensation. In vivo, up to 70% of the benzophenone in these sunscreen products may be absorbed through the skin. U.S. FDA has established a zero tolerance for benzophenone as a food additive. In the United States, there were 2999 SPF products containing octocrylene in 2019. The safety of octocrylene as a benzophenone generator in SPF or any consumer products should be expeditiously reviewed by regulatory agencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzophenone Accumulates over Time from the Degradation of Octocrylene in Commercial Sunscreen Products

Downs

DiNardo

Stien

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Chemical analysis revealed the nylon microplastics used in these exposures contain compounds that may cause toxicity or endocrine disruptionalthough it should be noted this analysis does not tell us which compounds, nor how much, could be expected to leach from the nylon either in seawater or the intestinal tract of a copepod. For example, the UV-stabilizer benzophenone, identified in the nylon fibers, has been shown to increase DNA methylation and significantly reduce egg hatching success in the marine copepod Gladioferens pectinatus , and act as an oestradiol agonist in rats and fish. , It is crucial to recognize that plastics are not an inert material, but a complex mixture of polymers containing a wide spectrum of compounds that have the potential to leach out . Given the capacity for these compounds to cause endocrine disruption or toxicity, it is crucial that chemical profiling of microplastics used in toxicity testing becomes more commonplace.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nylon Microplastic on Feeding, Lipid Accumulation, and Moulting in a Coldwater Copepod

Cole

Coppock

Lindeque

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

189

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Microplastic debris is a pervasive environmental contaminant that has the potential to impact the health of biota, although its modes of action remain somewhat unclear. The current study tested the hypothesis that exposure to fibrous and particulate microplastics would alter feeding, impacting on lipid accumulation, and normal development (e.g., growth, moulting) in an ecologically important coldwater copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Preadult copepods were incubated in seawater containing a mixed assemblage of cultured microalgae (control), with the addition of ∼50 microplastics mL–1 of nylon microplastic granules (10–30 μm) or fibers (10 × 30 μm), which are similar in shape and size to the microalgal prey. The additive chemical profiles showed the presence of stabilizers, lubricants, monomer residues, and byproducts. Prey selectivity was significantly altered in copepods exposed to nylon fibers (ANOVA, P < 0.01) resulting in a nonsignificant 40% decrease in algal ingestion rates (ANOVA, P = 0.07), and copepods exposed to nylon granules showed nonsignificant lipid accumulation (ANOVA, P = 0.62). Both microplastics triggered premature moulting in juvenile copepods (Bernoulli GLM, P < 0.01). Our results emphasize that the shape and chemical profile of a microplastic can influence its bioavailability and toxicity, drawing attention to the importance of using environmentally relevant microplastics and chemically profiling plastics used in toxicity testing.

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“…The environmental risks of diclofenac have been investigated, and the results showed that diclofenac and its metabolites can cause a high risk due to the synergistic interactions with other pollutants, the creation of new drug-resistant strains, and the generation of novel emerging contaminants (Sathishkumar et al 2020 ). Chronic effects of diclofenac are reported on DNA methylation level and reproductive ability in Gladioferens pectinatus (marine copepod) (Guyon et al 2018 ). Diclofenac contaminants can lead to DNA damage, oxidative stress, the raised activity of cyclooxygenase, and diminished stability of the lysosomal membrane in the mussel Perna perna (Fontes et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of pharmaceuticals from contaminated water by molecularly imprinted polymers: a review

Zare‬

Fallah

et al. 2022

Environ Chem Lett

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The release of pharmaceuticals into the environment induces adverse effects on the metabolism of humans and other living species, calling for advanced remediation methods. Conventional removal methods are often non-selective and cause secondary contamination. These issues may be partly solved by the use of recently-developped adsorbents such as molecularly imprinted polymers. Here we review the synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for removing pharmaceuticals in water. Molecularly imprinted polymers are synthesized via several multiple-step polymerization methods. Molecularly imprinted polymers are potent adsorbents at the laboratory scale, yet their efficiency is limited by template leakage and polymer quality. Adsorption performance of multi-templated molecularly imprinted polymers depends on the design of wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical consumption patterns and the population serviced by these wastewater treatment plants.

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Effects of chronic exposure to benzophenone and diclofenac on DNA methylation levels and reproductive success in a marine copepod

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Benzophenone Accumulates over Time from the Degradation of Octocrylene in Commercial Sunscreen Products

Benzophenone Accumulates over Time from the Degradation of Octocrylene in Commercial Sunscreen Products

Effects of Nylon Microplastic on Feeding, Lipid Accumulation, and Moulting in a Coldwater Copepod

Remediation of pharmaceuticals from contaminated water by molecularly imprinted polymers: a review

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