Effects of chronic administration of the amphetamines and other stimulants on behavior

Kosman, Mary Ellen; Unna, Klaus

doi:10.1002/cpt196892240

Cited by 108 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It should be pointed out that oscil lated groups exhibited shivering-like movements right after exercise, a phenomenon similar to that seen in motionsickness, yet distinguishable from shivering, a rhythmic contraction of voluntary muscle (9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

et al. 1972

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

et al. 1972

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“…When taken at relatively lower doses, amphetamines cause mood enhancement, such as experiences of euphoria, increased alertness, a sense of self-confidence, and suppression of fatigue [10]. Development of tolerance to mood enhancement increases the intake frequency and dose of the drug in AMPH abusers [11]. Repeated drug use causes dysregulation of the brain reward system that progressively increases compulsive and uncontrolled drug intake [6,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical Consequences of Dysphoric State During Amphetamine Withdrawal in Animal Models: A Review

Kitanaka

Takemura

2007

Neurochem Res

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Chronic abuse of amphetamines, such as d-amphetamine (AMPH) and d-methamphetamine, results in psychological dependence, a condition in which the drug produces a feeling of satisfaction and a drive that requires periodic or continuous administration of the drug to produce overwhelming pleasure or to avoid discomfort such as dysphoria. The dysphoric state of AMPH withdrawal has been recognized as depressive syndromes, such as anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and social inhibition, in early drug abstinence. Medication for treatment of the dysphoric state is important for AMPH abusers to avoid impulsive self-injurious behavior or acts that are committed with unconscious or uncontrolled suicidal ideation. However, successful treatments for AMPH withdrawal remain elusive, since the exact molecular basis of the expression of dysphoria has not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of AMPH withdrawal as indexed by neurochemical parameters under a variety of injection regimens (for example, levels of brain monoamines and their metabolites, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, expression of genes and proteins involved in neuronal activity, and monoamine metabolism and availability) in rodent models which exhibit significant phenotypic features relevant to the syndromes of AMPH withdrawal in humans.

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“…In mature animals, chronic amphetamine-like drugs exert a profound effect on the monoamine system of the brain. These changes appear as deficits in neurochemical function (e.g., neurotransmitter uptake, transmitter metabolism, and receptor changes; Caldecott-Hazard et al, 1989a;Ellinwood and Lee, 1983;Ramirez et al, 1983;Robinson and Becker, 1986;Tonge, 1974), changes in behavior (Caldecott-Hazard et al, 1989b;Cassens et al, 1981;Kosman and Unna, 1968;Robinson and Becker, 1986;Tonge, 1974), and morphological degeneration of neurons (Ellison et al, 1978;Ricaurte et al, 1984;Wahnschaffe and Esslen, 1985). Many of these changes are probably related to the neurotoxicity of these drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero methamphetamine effects: I. Behavior and monoamine uptake sites in adult offspring

Weissman

Caldecott-Hazard

1993

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Chronic in utero methamphetamine treatment, throughout gestation in rats, resulted in alterations in both behavior and brain monoamine function in the adult offspring. The higher dose of methamphetamine (10 mg/kg/b.i.d.) caused a significant decrease in square crossing and rearing in an open field, as well as a regional increase of serotonin and dopamine uptake sites. In contrast, the lower dose of in utero methamphetamine (2 mg/kg/b.i.d.) resulted in a significant decrease in regional densities of serotonin and dopamine uptake sites, and only decreased rearing behavior. Across treatment groups, there were significant correlations between open-field square crossing activity and the number of uptake sites in specific brain areas. Other measured behaviors, such as the neonate righting reflex and the adult Morris water maze performance, were unaffected by either in utero drug regimen. These results are discussed in terms of the known neurotoxicity of amphetamines and the ability of the immature nervous system to compensate for fetal exposure to methamphetamine.

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Effects of chronic administration of the amphetamines and other stimulants on behavior

Cited by 108 publications

References 17 publications

Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

Neurochemical Consequences of Dysphoric State During Amphetamine Withdrawal in Animal Models: A Review

In utero methamphetamine effects: I. Behavior and monoamine uptake sites in adult offspring

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