Effects of Chemically Defined Structured Lipid Emulsions on Reticuloendothelial System Function and Morphology of Liver and Lung in a Continuous Low‐Dose Endotoxin Rat Model

Pscheidl, E.; Hedwig-Geissing, Monika; Winzer, C.; Richter, Sabine; Rügheimer, Erich

doi:10.1177/014860719501900133

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To explain the importance of the structure in dietary TG, some researchers pointed out that the structural difference between fish oil and sea lion oil also affected the lipid metabolic function ( , ) . Some structured lipids have been known to modulate various immune functions ( − ); thus, the structure of dietary TG-CLA deserves consideration. Therefore, even if there is no difference in the lymphatic absorption efficiency between TG- and FFA-CLA, the resulting structure of TG after the resynthesis in intestinal epithelial cells may have important and sequential effects on the immune function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Difference between Free and Triglyceride-type Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Immune Function of C57BL/6N Mice

Yamasaki

Kitagawa

Chujo

et al. 2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Previous studies have shown the physiological significance of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in various experimental animals and in human beings. One of the important problems to better elucidate is the difference between triglyceride (TG) and free (FFA) dietary CLA. Here, using splenocytes, this study assesses how TG- and FFA-CLA modulate immunoglobulin and various cytokine productions. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were fed an experimental diet containing 0% CLA, 0.1 or 1% FFA-CLA, or 0.1 or 1% TG-CLA for 3 weeks. The production of immunoglobulin tended to be up-regulated by 1% FFA-CLA. As a result of protein array analysis using the supernatant from splenocytes cultured with no CLA, 1% FFA-CLA, and TG-CLA, some cytokine production was shown to be remarkably regulated by dietary FFA- and TG-CLA. A total of 32 cytokines were examined, and 11-14 produced cytokines that were 2-fold up-regulated as compared with control for FFA- or TG-CLA, respectively. Especially, the production of IL-9 and MCP-5 and other cytokines was remarkably up-regulated by both FFA- and TG-CLA. In addition, seven cytokines were 2-fold down-regulated by TG-CLA. These data show that there is a slight but significant difference between the functionalities of FFA- and TG-CLA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Difference between Free and Triglyceride-type Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Immune Function of C57BL/6N Mice

Yamasaki

Kitagawa

Chujo

et al. 2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In this aspect, our study supports a recent study in which no differences in energy expenditure or substrate oxidation were found in a crossover trial with 11 healthy volunteers who consumed three meals with modified fats containing octanoic acid and LCFA in the same proportions but in different sn-positions (structured MLM, randomized fats, and physically mixed fats) (24). Although structured lipids have, to date, not proven to reduce the postprandial lipid response or increase satiety in healthy adults compared with randomized fats with the same FA composition, structured lipids of MLM are important in the nutritional support of patients suffering from malabsorption (23,25,26). Changes in the chylomicron TAG M.W.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional distribution of decanoic acid: Effect on chylomicron and VLDL TAG structures and postprandial lipemia

Yli-Jokipii

Schwab

Tahvonen

et al. 2004

Lipids

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Although medium-chain FA (MCFA) are mainly absorbed via the portal venous system, they are also incorporated into chylomicron TAG; therefore, the positional distribution of MCFA in TAG is likely to affect their metabolic fate. We studied chylomicron and VLDL TAG structures, as well as the magnitude of postprandial lipemia, after two oral fat loads containing decanoic acid (10:0) predominantly at the sn-1(3),2 (MML) or at the sn-1,3 positions (MLM) of TAG in a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with 10 healthy, normal-weight volunteers. An MS-MS method was used to analyze TAG regioisomers. The position of decanoic acid in chylomicron TAG reflected its position in the TAG ingested, and TAG with none, one, two, or three decanoic acid residues were detected after ingestion of both fats. More (P < 0.05) 30:0 and 38:1 TAG (acyl carbons:double bonds) and fewer 46:5, 54:5, and 54:4 TAG were found in chylomicrons after ingestion of MML than after MLM. The VLDL TAG composition did not differ between the fat loads but did change (P < 0.05) 2 to 6 h after ingestion of both fats. No statistical differences were seen between the fat loads in areas under the plasma, chylomicron, or VLDL TAG response curves or in FFA concentrations. Thus, the positional distribution of MCFA in TAG affects their metabolic fate, but the magnitude of postprandial lipemia does not seem to be dependent on the positional distribution of MCFA in the ingested fat.

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Chemically defined structured lipids: current status and future directions in gastrointestinal diseases

Stein

1999

International Journal of Colorectal Disease

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Over the past two decades various concepts for the supply of lipids in parenteral and enteral nutrition have been developed. Traditionally, the nutritional dietary management typically includes physical mixtures of medium chain and long-chain triglycerides. Recently, chemically defined structured lipids have been developed that combine the advantages of conventional fats with those of special purposes. The first structured lipids were produced by mixing pure medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides, allowing hydrolysis to free fatty acids, followed by random transesterification of the fatty acids into mixed triglyceride molecules. This results in a triglyceride containing combinations of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids on a single glycerol backbone. These have unique chemical, physical, and/or physiological properties which differ from simply blending mixtures from the starting fats. By use of 1,3-specific or 2-specific lipases it is now possible to synthesize 1,3-specific or 2-specific triglycerides containing short- and/or medium-chain acids. For instance, incorporation of linoleic, arachidonic, or eicosapentaenoic acid at the sn-2 position is being evaluated for the specific objective of modulating membrane fatty acid composition and essential fatty acid absorption in models of cancer, burns, and immune dysfunction. This contribution reviews the current status of experimental and clinical studies of chemically defined structured lipid-based fat emulsions, with emphasis on their therapeutic potential for nutritional support in hospitalized patients.

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Effects of Chemically Defined Structured Lipid Emulsions on Reticuloendothelial System Function and Morphology of Liver and Lung in a Continuous Low‐Dose Endotoxin Rat Model

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Physiological Difference between Free and Triglyceride-type Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Immune Function of C57BL/6N Mice

Physiological Difference between Free and Triglyceride-type Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Immune Function of C57BL/6N Mice

Positional distribution of decanoic acid: Effect on chylomicron and VLDL TAG structures and postprandial lipemia

Chemically defined structured lipids: current status and future directions in gastrointestinal diseases

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