Physiological Difference between Free and Triglyceride-type Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Immune Function of C57BL/6N Mice

Abstract

Previous studies have shown the physiological significance of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in various experimental animals and in human beings. One of the important problems to better elucidate is the difference between triglyceride (TG) and free (FFA) dietary CLA. Here, using splenocytes, this study assesses how TG- and FFA-CLA modulate immunoglobulin and various cytokine productions. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were fed an experimental diet containing 0% CLA, 0.1 or 1% FFA-CLA, or 0.1 or 1% TG-CLA for 3 weeks. The production of immunoglobulin tended to be up-regulated by 1% FFA-CLA. As a result of protein array analysis using the supernatant from splenocytes cultured with no CLA, 1% FFA-CLA, and TG-CLA, some cytokine production was shown to be remarkably regulated by dietary FFA- and TG-CLA. A total of 32 cytokines were examined, and 11-14 produced cytokines that were 2-fold up-regulated as compared with control for FFA- or TG-CLA, respectively. Especially, the production of IL-9 and MCP-5 and other cytokines was remarkably up-regulated by both FFA- and TG-CLA. In addition, seven cytokines were 2-fold down-regulated by TG-CLA. These data show that there is a slight but significant difference between the functionalities of FFA- and TG-CLA.

Immunological and metabolic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid in subjects with birch pollen allergy

“…In another study by the same group (4) , the effects of CLA were dependent on the form of CLA: production of IL-5 and IL-13 was up regulated over 2-fold in splenocytes of mice fed 1 % CLA as TAG, but production of both was down regulated when the CLA was fed as NEFA as in the present study. CLA supplementation inhibited the increase in EDN and GM-CSF concentrations seen in the placebo group during the pollen season.…”

Effects of Dietary <i>Punica granatum </i>L. By-products on Performance, Immunity, Intestinal and Fecal Microbiology, and Odorous Gas Emissions from Excreta in Broilers

“…Pomegranate seeds are a rich source of PUFA, particularly α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and CLA (Fadavi et al, 2006;Melo et al, 2014), which may be responsible for the increased weight of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius observed in the present study. Dietary CLA is also reportedly a potent enhancer of Ig production (Kohno et al, 2004;Yamasaki et al, 2004). Yamasaki et al (2006) reported significantly enhanced IgG and IgM production in spleen lymphocytes of rats fed diet supplemented with pomegranate seed oils.…”

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Free and Esterified Linoleic Acids, and Trans-Vaccenic Acid on Rat Pulmonary 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Activity

“…Rumenic acid (c9,t11) was shown by Chardigny et al, [44] to be better absorbed, oxidized and incorporated into rat carcass from the external position (sn-1) than the internal position (sn-2) from dietary synthetic dioleyl monorumeryl glycerol. Although some investigators have reported no significant differences between the physiological effects of free and esterified forms of CLA [45][46][47][48], our interest was to see the possible differences in two forms of CLA relating to 15-LOX-1 activity and, therefore, the production of 13(S)-HODE, which have been shown to relate to cell proliferation.…”