Effects of Cetane Number and Chemical Components on Diesel Emissions and Vehicle Performance

Takahashi, Ko; Sakurai, Yoshihito; Furuse, Takashi; Sakuraba, Tsukasa; Imai, Shoichi; Kezuka, Taijiro; Aoki, Ryuji; Sekimoto, Masanori; Watanabe, Hisashi

doi:10.4271/2009-01-2692

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Similarly for diesel, grade 2-D fuel is typically used during warmer temperatures while during colder seasons, grade 1-D fuel is blended in. This 1-D fuel has a higher volatility and cetane number formulation to allow for improved cold flow properties and it has been found to decrease regulated pollutant emissions for some engines. − Changes in each fuel type would affect the sites differently, depending mainly on the prevalence of GDI vehicles and HDDVs, and is a possible explanation in the summer BC EF increase at the sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Road Air Pollutant Measurements: Accounting for Inter-Site Variability Using Emission Factors

Wang

Jeong

Hilker

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A daily integrated emission factor (EF) method was applied to data from three near-road monitoring sites to identify variables that impact traffic related pollutant concentrations in the near-road environment. The sites were operated for 20 months in 2015-2017, with each site differing in terms of design, local meteorology, and fleet compositions. Measurement distance from the roadway and local meteorology were found to affect pollutant concentrations irrespective of background subtraction. However, using emission factors mostly accounted for the effects of dilution and dispersion, allowing intersite differences in emissions to be resolved. A multiple linear regression model that included predictor variables such as fraction of larger vehicles (>7.6 m in length; i.e., heavy-duty vehicles), vehicle speed, and ambient temperature accounted for intersite variability of the fleet average NO, NO , and particle number EFs (R:0.50-0.75), with lower model performance for CO and black carbon (BC) EFs (R:0.28-0.46). NO and BC EFs were affected more than CO and particle number EFs by the fraction of larger vehicles, which also resulted in measurable weekday/weekend differences. Pollutant EFs also varied with ambient temperature and because there were little seasonal changes in fleet composition, this was attributed to changes in fuel composition and/or post-tailpipe transformation of pollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Road Air Pollutant Measurements: Accounting for Inter-Site Variability Using Emission Factors

Wang

Jeong

Hilker

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Reduced cetane numbers (CN) fuel values are undesirable because of their nature to prolong ignition delay, which causes increased engine peak cylinder combustion pressures (Baczewski et al, 2015;Yanowitz et al, 2017), increased engine combustion noise and wear in addition to increased NO X emissions. This impact resulting from alteration of CN has been extensively studied (Kidoguchi et al, 2000;I çıngür and Altiparmak, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2011;Szybist and Bunting, 2005;Kurtz and Polonowski, 2017;Watanabe et al, 1998;Cataluña and Da Silva, 2012;Chaichan and Ahmed, 2012;Chukwuezie et al, 2017;Reijnders et al, 2016;Tat, 2011). Plastics have substantial stored potential energy of hydrocarbons inherent in their molecular structure (Mani et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cetane number and oxygen content in the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine using biodiesel blends

Maroa

Inambao²

2019

J. energy South. Afr.

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The growth in demand for power generation and energy from alternative fuels at low cost and friendly to the natural environment is increasing. This study used waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) and ethanol to apply direct blending of conventional diesel, WPPO and ethanol with 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN). The purpose was to improve the combustion and performance characteristics of the WPPO blends. The EHN has the potential to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter. Ethanol improves viscosity, miscibility, and the oxygen content of WPPO. Five mixing ratios were selected. The mixing ratio with EHN was based on total quantity of blended fuel at 0.01%. At 50% engine load, the brake specific fuel consumption was 0.043 g/kWh compared with CD at 0.04 g/kWh. The blend 90/WPPO5/E5 had the highest value of 14% for brake thermal efficiency, while on NO X emissions three blends 90/WPPO5/E5, 80/WPPO10/E10, 70/WPPO15/E15, had the lowest values of 384 ppm, 395 ppm, 414 ppm, compared with CD fuel at 424 ppm. The implication was that ethanol and WPPO blends can be used in diesel engine power generators as an alternative fuel with modification, as their respective densities of 792 kg/m 3 and 825 kg/m 3 are close to CD fuel's at 845 kg/m 3 . Additionally, these combinations with EHN reduced emissions more than earlier thought and improved engine performance, equalling that of conventional diesel fuel.

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“…The increasing trend of NOx emissions with the use of biodiesel may be attributed to the combined effect of fuel properties such as CN, oxygen content, density, viscosity, bulk modulus, iodine values, etc. It was reported in the literature that higher CN fuel helps in NOx reduction [6][7][8][9], while Kitano et al [10] and Kousoulidou et al [11], reported an opposite NOx trend, owing to higher heat release and in-cylinder peak pressure obtained in the premixed combustion phase for higher CN fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effect of fuel cetane number, oxygen content, fuel density, and engine operating variables on NOx emissions of a heavy duty diesel engine

Singh

Subramanian

Juneja

et al. 2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine, but the nitrogen oxide (NOx) liability associated with it is a major challenge. NOx emissions are affected by both engine technology and fuel properties. Experimental studies were conducted on an unmodified heavy‐duty direct injection diesel engine to analyze the effect of fuel properties such as cetane number (CN), oxygen content, fuel density, and engine operating variables (speed and load) on NOx emissions. Test results revealed that NOx concentration is directly proportional to engine load and to biodiesel percentage in blends, and is inversely related to engine speed. Fuel‐bound oxygen in the blended fuels are mainly responsible for the higher NOx. An empirical correlation was developed to predict NOx concentration as a function of CN, oxygen content, fuel density, speed, and load. Experimental and predicted values of NOx emission concentrations for two blends, BA25 and BA50 (25% and 50% microalgae biodiesel blended with diesel), at 2205 rpm and 100% load are 723.19 and 722.94 ppm, and 749.89 and 791.12 ppm, respectively. The developed correlation will be useful in estimating the NOx emissions of a CI engine fueled with various other oxygenated biofuels at different speeds and loads. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 214–221, 2017

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Effects of Cetane Number and Chemical Components on Diesel Emissions and Vehicle Performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Near-Road Air Pollutant Measurements: Accounting for Inter-Site Variability Using Emission Factors

Near-Road Air Pollutant Measurements: Accounting for Inter-Site Variability Using Emission Factors

The effect of cetane number and oxygen content in the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine using biodiesel blends

Investigating the effect of fuel cetane number, oxygen content, fuel density, and engine operating variables on NOx emissions of a heavy duty diesel engine

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