Effects of Centrally Administered Prolactin upon Mammary Contractility in Anesthetized Lactating Rats

Abstract

The possibility was investigated that centrally administered rat prolactin (PRL), i.e., intracerebroventricularly (ICV) or intrathecally (IT), may influence mammary contractility in urethane-anesthetized lactating rats. In addition to the monomer (23 kD PRL), the 16- and 7-kD PRL fragments were also tested and their effects were determined on isometrically recorded intramammary pressure (IMP) responses to exogenous oxytocin (OXY). ICV injection of 23 kD PRL provoked increased IMP responses; similar, but inconsistent effects were obtained after 16 kD PRL, and no effect occurred after either saline or the 7 kD PRL fragment. The 23 kD PRL effect had a latency of about 5 min, reached plateau at 10–15 min and its magnitude was dose-dependent. Also, a stronger dose-related effect was shown by 23 kD PRL after IT than after ICV administration, which suggests that lower threshold for the PRL actions exist at the spinal level. On the other hand, ICV or IT injections of antiserum to PRL, but not of normal rabbit serum, fully prevented the respective facilitatory effects of 23 kD PRL on mammary contractility. Further experiments into the mechanisms involved showed that neither adrenalectomy nor hypophysectomy prevented the PRL effect whereas complete blockage occurred after either spinal cord transection, ventral root section (T8–T10 level), or IV or ICV administration of the adrenergic β-blocker propranolol. These results indicate that central effects of PRL upon mammary contractility were neurally mediated and may have resulted from depressed β-adrenergic control of ductal tone.

Has the mammary gland a protective mechanism against overexposure to triiodothyronine during the peripartum period? The prolactin pulse down-regulates mammary type I deiodinase responsiveness to norepinephrine

“…The present data support this modulatory effect of PRL upon NE stimulation, since the administration of BRO alone caused no change in MDio1 activity or S14 expression. Although further analysis is necessary to determine the exact mechanism of PRL action on MDio1, there is evidence that PRL submodulates the sympathetic activity of different brain areas influencing -adrenergic receptor sensitivity (Dutt et al 1994, Morales & Mena 1995. Moreover, this modulation is consistent with the proposal that the inter-relationship of catecholamines (CAT) with PRL is the principal regulator of the length of the lactating period.…”