Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the fermentation quality, microbial diversity, gene function prediction, and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of Caragana korshinskii silage

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on the fermentation quality, microbial diversity, gene function prediction, and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of the Caragana korshinskii (C. korshinskii) silage. The experimental treatment groups included control (CK), cellulase (C), L. plantarum (L), and cellulase + L. plantarum (CL). Triplicate silos were sampled after 14 and 56 days of ensiling. The microbial diversity of C. korshinskii silage at 56 days was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology, and the effects of C. korshinskii silage on rumen fermentation were evaluated by the in vitro artificial rumen gas production method. The results showed that the addition of cellulose and L. plantarum treatments reduced ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber content during ensiling. Compared with the CK group, higher lactic acid content was observed in the silage of the C and L groups, but the CL group had a higher acetic acid (AA) content. Compared with the CK group, the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus significantly increased, but that of Enterococcus, Weissella, Enterobacter, and Pediococcus significantly decreased in all other groups except the C group (p < 0.05). The results of gene function prediction were as follows: pyruvate kinase, 1-phosphofructokinase, and fructokinase were lactate production enzymes, which suggested the association of the high AA content in the CL group to the high abundance of 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase. The abundance of H + -transporting ATPase and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the L and CL groups was higher than that in the CK groups. Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, mismatch repair, DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, and homologous recombination increased in the CL group compared with those in the CK group. Compared with the CK group, NH3-N and microbial protein content and the degradation rates of DM and NDF increased in the L and CL groups. To conclude, the L and CL groups had increased Lactiplantibacillus abundance, improved fermentation quality, and high DM degradation rates compared with the CK group.

The Inclusion of Pigeon Pea Hay Improves the Quality of Giant Cactus Harvested at Different Times

“…Furthermore, the NDF is lower in the giant cactus silage harvested at 24 months and similar in the original material. In this sense, it is possible to affirm that the changes were the result of fermentation, mainly of the NDF [44]. Therefore, the highest content of the NDF in the giant cactus harvested at 24 months was degraded in the silage process, promoting the production of nutrients for microbial development, which may explain the higher CP and EE in the silage of the giant cactus harvested at 24 months, which should be the result of the higher growth rate of the microbes.…”

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and microflora structure and predicted gene function

“…Rumen microorganisms ferment carbohydrates to produce rumen gasses (H 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 , etc.) and VFAs ( Ju et al, 2023 ). Under the action of some microorganisms, these gasses also have a certain mutual transformation ( Lv et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The diet sample was continuously dried in a drying oven at 65°C for 48 h to make an air-dried sample, and the DM content was then determined by drying at 105°C to constant weight ( Ju et al, 2023 ). The crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents were determined using the standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists procedures ( AOAC, 1990 ).…”