Effects of carbohydrates on membrane stability at low water activities

Crowe, Lois M.; Mouradian, Robert; Crowe, John H.; Jackson, Susan A.; Womersley, Christopher

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(84)90017-8

Cited by 300 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is known that the soluble carbohydrates generally decrease with seed ageing (Petruzelli and Taranto, 1989) and that this decrease may reduce the protective effect of sugars on the structural integrity of cell membranes (Crowe et al, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eletrical conductivity and deterioration of soybean seeds exposed to different storage conditions

Panobianco¹,

Vieira

2007

Rev. bras. sementes

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-Research with soybean seeds has revealed that the results of the electrical conductivity test may be influenced by storage temperature, particularly low temperature, such as 10ºC, suggesting that seed deterioration at low storage temperatures does not seem to be directly related to the loss of the cell membrane integrity. This study was conducted with seeds of two soybean cultivars with the objective of: a) studying the effect of different storage temperatures (10ºC; 20ºC; 25ºC; 20/10ºC and 25/10ºC) on the results of the electrical conductivity test; b) observing the behavior of fatty acids and carbohydrates during storage and studying its relation with the electrical conductivity results. Every three months, from a total of 18 months of storage, the physiological quality of seeds was evaluated using the germination, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the electrical conductivity test was not shown to be a good indicative of the deterioration process of seeds stored at low temperatures, and no direct relationship between changes in the fatty acids and carbohydrates and the behavior of the mentioned test for seeds stored at 10ºC was found.Index terms: Glycine max, vigor, physiological quality. CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E DETERIORAÇÀO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAMENTORESUMO -Pesquisas com sementes de soja têm revelado que os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica podem ser influenciados pela temperatura de armazenamento, especialmente as mais baixas, como 10 o C, sugerindo que a deterioração da semente a baixas temperaturas de armazenamento parece não estar relacionada diretamente com a perda da integridade das membranas celulares. Este trabalho foi conduzido com sementes de dois cultivares de soja objetivando: a) estudar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento (10ºC; 20ºC; 25ºC; 20/10ºC e 25/10ºC) sobre os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica; b) observar o comportamento dos ácidos graxos e carboidratos durante o armazenamento e estudar sua relação com os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica. A cada três meses, num total de 18 meses de armazenamento, a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica. O teste de condutividade elétrica não mostrou ser um indicador eficiente do processo de deterioração de sementes armazenadas a baixas temperaturas, também não foi observada nenhuma relação direta entre as mudanças nos ácidos graxos, nos carboidratos e no comportamento do referido teste, para sementes armazenadas a 10 o C.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, vigor, qualidade fisiológica.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, alterations in carbohydrates during storage could affect the cell membrane permeability, thus contributing to the reduction in the physiological quality and germination of seeds (Crowe et al, 1984;Bernal-Lugo and Leopold, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eletrical conductivity and deterioration of soybean seeds exposed to different storage conditions

Panobianco¹,

Vieira

2007

Rev. bras. sementes

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“…It is known that soluble carbohydrates generally decline with seed aging (15), and this decline might result in limited availability of respiratory substrates for germination (9). Another possibility is that depletions of disaccharides may lessen the protective effects of sugars on structural integrity of membranes (7) or may limit the ability of the seeds to maintain the vitrified state, a noncrystalline liquid state of high viscosity (3,20). Finally, the presence of reducing sugars may lead to deterioration of protein components through Amadori and Maillard reactions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Soluble Carbohydrates during Seed Storage

Bernal-Lugo¹,

Leopold²

1992

Plant Physiol.

119

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The soluble sugars present in the maize (Zea mays L.) embryo may serve as important components of protection or may contnbute to the deteriorative changes occurring during seed storage. Examination of the changes in sugars during accelerated aging of maize seeds indicates that the decline in vigor is associated with a marked decline in monosaccharides and in raffinose. Sucrose content remains relatively stable. The depletion of raffinose may have special relevance to the decline in seed vigor.shown by a-galactosidase. These facts reinforce the expectation that changes in sugars may occur during seed storage.We have carried out experiments on the sugar contents of maize seeds as a function of accelerated aging, with the intent to examine the possible relation of carbohydrate changes to the deterioration of vigor, and then to the loss of germinability. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe decline of seed quality during storage is expressed first as a decrease in the growth rate of the germinating axis (vigor) and subsequently as a loss of actual germinability. Changes in the soluble carbohydrate contents could contribute to both the declines of vigor and of germinability of the seeds. It is known that soluble carbohydrates generally decline with seed aging (15), and this decline might result in limited availability of respiratory substrates for germination (9). Another possibility is that depletions of disaccharides may lessen the protective effects of sugars on structural integrity of membranes (7) or may limit the ability of the seeds to maintain the vitrified state, a noncrystalline liquid state of high viscosity (3,20). Finally, the presence of reducing sugars may lead to deterioration of protein components through Amadori and Maillard reactions. These are nonenzymatic carbonyl-amine reactions that take place preferentially in dry systems (11). They may contribute to seed deterioration (19).In quiescent seeds, the main soluble embryonic carbohydrate reserves are sucrose, usually associated with lesser amounts of the oligosaccharides, raffinose, stachyose, and/or verbascose (1). Sucrose is exceptionally effective in protecting membrane integrity in dry systems (6), as well as being one of the best vitrifying sugars (12). Raffinose is known to enhance the protective effects of sucrose by limiting crystalization (5).Interconversion of sugars may occur in dry seeds. It has been found that a-galactosidase activity was detectable in dry seeds of cotton (16). Invertase activity is also present in dry seeds, but its activity is at least 5 to 10 times less than that 'Research supported in part by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources and in part by the Institute for International Education. Plant MaterialMaize seeds (Zea mays L.) NYCO 11 3XNYPA33 (C2) were obtained from the New York Seed Improvement Cooperative, Ithaca, NY. Before storage, the seeds were surface-sterilized with 3.5% sodium hypochlorite twice, for 3 min, and each time, they were rinsed with sterilized deionized water and blotted dry. All manip...

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“…Trehalose could accumulate at the surfaces of macromolecular structures, or vitrification, the creation of amorphous glasses contributing to the maintenance of cell structure, is possible. Whatever the case, lowering T m maintains membranes in the liquid crystalline rather than gel phase upon dehydration, and because the dried membranes remain in the liquid crystalline state, phospholipid phase transitions leading to membrane leakiness are prevented (Crowe et al , 1984(Crowe et al , 1987.…”

Section: Trehalose and Stress Tolerance In Artemia Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress tolerance during diapause and quiescence of the brine shrimp, Artemia

MacRae

2016

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Oviparously developing embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia, arrest at gastrulation and are released from females as cysts before entering diapause, a state of dormancy and stress tolerance. Diapause is terminated by an external signal, and growth resumes if conditions are permissible. However, if circumstances are unfavorable, cysts enter quiescence, a dormant stage that continues as long as adverse conditions persist. Artemia embryos in diapause and quiescence are remarkably resistant to environmental and physiological stressors, withstanding desiccation, cold, heat, oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, and years of anoxia at ambient temperature when fully hydrated. Cysts have adapted to stress in several ways; they are surrounded by a rigid cell wall impermeable to most chemical compounds and which functions as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Artemia cysts contain large amounts of trehalose, a non-reducing sugar thought to preserve membranes and proteins during desiccation by replacing water molecules and/or contributing to vitrification. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins similar to those in seeds and other anhydrobiotic organisms are found in cysts, and they safeguard cell organelles and proteins during desiccation. Artemia cysts contain abundant amounts of p26, a small heat shock protein, and artemin, a ferritin homologue, both ATPindependent molecular chaperones important in stress tolerance. The evidence provided in this review supports the conclusion that it is the interplay of these protective elements that make Artemia one of the most stress tolerant of all metazoan organisms.

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Effects of carbohydrates on membrane stability at low water activities

Cited by 300 publications

References 48 publications

Eletrical conductivity and deterioration of soybean seeds exposed to different storage conditions

Eletrical conductivity and deterioration of soybean seeds exposed to different storage conditions

Changes in Soluble Carbohydrates during Seed Storage

Stress tolerance during diapause and quiescence of the brine shrimp, Artemia

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