Effects of cadmium on two biocontrol insects and their host weeds

Quimby, P. C.; Frick, Kenneth E.; Wauchope, R. D.; Kay, Stratford H.

doi:10.1007/bf02026957

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cd exposure accumulating to levels of 3.78, 6.20, and 66.70 lg ⁄ 100 g dry weight showed the same pattern of feeding depression (Jamil et al, 1989a), with no effect of the lower concentrations on number of feeding lesions. This finding supports results by Quimby et al (1979).…”

Section: Terrestrial Systemssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A subset of research investigating metal impacts on ingestion behaviors examined plant biocontrol agents, with varying results. First‐instar Bactra verutana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exposed to purple nutsedge for up to 4 weeks were unaffected by Cd concentrations up to 18 μg g −1 (Quimby et al., 1979). Agasicles hygrophila Selman & Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) exposed to 8.7 μg Cd g −1 alligatorweed showed an inability to distinguish between Cd contaminated and uncontaminated plants, though they did experience feeding depression when fed on Cd‐contaminated leaves in choice experiments (Quimby et al., 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The impacts of metals and metalloids on insect behavior

Mogren

Trumble

2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

105

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In toxicology studies, the use of death as an endpoint often fails to capture the effects a pollutant has on disruptions of ecosystem services by changing an animal's behavior. Many toxicants can cause population extinctions of insect species at concentrations well below the EC 25 , EC 50 , or EC 90 concentrations traditionally reported from short-term bioassays. A surprising number of species cannot detect metal and metalloid contamination, and do not always avoid food with significant metal concentrations. This frequently leads to modified ingestion, locomotor, and reproductive behaviors. For example, some species show a tendency to increase locomotor behaviors to escape from locations with elevated metal pollution, whereas other insects greatly decrease all movements unrelated to feeding. Still others exhibit behaviors resulting in increased susceptibility to predation, including a positive phototaxis causing immatures to move to exposed positions. For purposes of reproduction, the inability to avoid even moderately polluted sites when ovipositing can lead to egg loss and reduced fitness of offspring. Ultimately, impaired behaviors result in a general reduction in population sizes and species diversity at contaminated sites, the exceptions being those species tolerating contamination that become dominant. Regardless, ecosystem services, such as herbivory, detritus reduction, or food production for higher trophic levels, are disrupted. This review evaluates the effects of metal and metalloid pollution on insect behaviors in both terrestrial and aquatic systems reported in a diverse literature scattered across many scientific disciplines. Behaviors are grouped by ingestion, taxis, and oviposition. We conclude that understanding how insect behavior is modified is necessary to assess the full scope and importance of metal and metalloid contamination.

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Section: Terrestrial Systemssupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of metals and metalloids on insect behavior

Mogren

Trumble

2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

105

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“…CD1 (X2 = [p =0.01,df= 3,]= 11.34), CD2 (X2 = [p =0.01,df= 9,]= 21.7 ) and CD3 (X2 = [p =0.01,df= 13,]= 27.7). The effect of cadmium chloride on mortality rate observed in the present study is similar to the previous studies [62]. Studied the effect of cadmium on the alligatorweed flea beetle Agasides hygrophila.…”

Section: Larval and Pupal Weightsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Development of Chrysomya Megacephala (Diptera:Calliphoridae) and its Importance to Postmortem Interval Estimate

Heer¹

2017

JFSCI

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Cadmium chloride is one of the highly toxic compounds among the heavy metals. It exerts a negative impact on the living organisms and accumulates in food chain and could lead to some serious problems, such as high rate of mortality, lower longevity, decreased fecundity and lower hatching ability of many insects and other arthropods. The present work dealt with the evaluation of cadmium chloride because there is lack of published entomotoxicological reports for cadmium chloride have evaluated their effect on the growth and development of this forensically important fly blow fly species, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Larvae of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) reared on rat tissues that were previously exposed to Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in different concentrations: Half lethal (3.25mg/kg bw), Lethal (6.5 mg/ kg bw) and Twice Lethal (13 mg/kg bw) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Development rate, larval body length, width, weight, pupal and adult weight and mortality were the observed parameters. Results demonstrated that the development rate of larvae between treated group and control group varied significantly. Development took longer time in the presence of high Cadmium concentration compared to control. Mortality results indicated greater mortality among the larvae with increased cadmium concentration as compared to control. It can be concluded that Cadmium chloride has negative effect on all the life stages of Chrysomya megacephala. Since cadmium chloride alters the rate of development in Chrysomya megacephala. There are chances of miscalculation of PMI if the presence of cadmium chloride is not taken into consideration. For example there could be wrong estimation of PMI by up to 18-86 hours if age of larvae is determined on the basis of its length ignoring the effect of cadmium chloride.

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“…Beyer & Anderson (1985) detected a negative influence on life expectancy and repro-duction of Porcellio scaber only at concentrations of more than 6400 ppm Pb. Mortality of the alligatorweed beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) was increased 3 1/2 times when the host plant was watered with a 1 ppm Cd-solution, whereas the nutsedge moth (Bactra verutana) was not affected by the same treatment (Quimby et aL, 1979). Life expectancy of P. turionellae decreased immensely in our experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effects of lead and cadmium on oxygen consumption and life expectancy of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae

Ortel

Vogel

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) was fed either with Cd, Pb, and Cd + Pb – contaminated food or water. Body concentrations of heavy metal and effects on lifetime and respiration were studied. Cadmium at a concentration of 33 μg per gram food or per ml water reduced life expectancy; whereas lead did such at 82 μg per ml water only. Differences were found between sexes and modes of contamination concerning body concentrations of Cd and Pb. Lead affected respiration only via water contamination; whereas cadmium did such also via food contamination. Ecological consequences of the observations are discussed. Zusammenfassung Einflüsse von Pb und Cd auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch und die Lebensdauer von Pimpla turionellae: Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) wurde mit Blei (82 μg/g) und Cadmium (33 μg/g) bzw. deren Kombination über Futter oder Wasser belastet. Schwermetallgehalte sowie Auswirkungen auf Lebensdauer und Sauerstoffverbrauch wurden untersucht. Der Einfluß der Schwermetalle war nach Geschlecht bzw. nach Art der Kontamination verschieden. Cadmium wirkt schon bei geringen Konzentrationen verkürzend auf die Lebensdauer, Blei erst bei relativ hohen Konzentrationen. Bei Blei ergab sich eine Abnahme des Sauerstoffverbrauches nur bei Belastung über das Wasser, bei Cadmium hingegen bei beiden Kontaminationsarten. Überlegungen ökologischer Konsequenzen werden angestellt.

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Effects of cadmium on two biocontrol insects and their host weeds

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

The impacts of metals and metalloids on insect behavior

The impacts of metals and metalloids on insect behavior

Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Development of Chrysomya Megacephala (Diptera:Calliphoridae) and its Importance to Postmortem Interval Estimate

Effects of lead and cadmium on oxygen consumption and life expectancy of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae

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