Effects of Buprenorphine Added to Bupivacaine Infraorbital Nerve Blocks on Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration Using a Model for Acute Dental/Oral Surgical Pain in Dogs

Abstract

Bupivacaine appears to have a duration of action longer than previously reported. Results of this study demonstrate that the addition of buprenorphrine may enhance the analgesic duration of effect for bupivacaine regional nerve blocks. In addition, the use of bupivacaine alone may have analgesia that exceeds 24 hours in many cases. Although not statistically significant based on sample size, 50% of dogs receiving the bupivacaine/buprenorphine regional anesthetic block demonstrated a decreased anesthetic requirement 48 hours postadministration when compared to 25% of dogs receiving the bupivacaine anesthetic. No adverse cardiorespiratory effects were noted secondary to either local anesthetic treatment. Use of bupivacaine may have analgesic effects extending greater than 24 hours (24-72) when used in regional anesthetic blocks in veterinary dental patients with acute dental pain. The addition of buprenorphine to bupivacaine may extend the duration of analgesia (48-96 h). The limited sample size, in addition to patient variability in response to medications, may account for the fact that no differences were detected between the treatments administered.

Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats: Overview of concepts and drugs (Part 1)

“…• The duration may be longer than previously reported, exceeding 24 hr in one dental study (Snyder & Snyder, 2016). ▪ Recommended dose: 1-2 mg/kg (dog); 1 mg/kg (cat) ▪ Toxic dose: The cumulative IV dose for CNS toxicity resulting in convulsive activity in conscious dogs was 4.3 mg/kg (Feldman et al, 1989) or 8 mg/kg (Liu et al, 1983) and the IV dose resulting in death from cardiovascular toxicity in pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs was 20 mg/kg (Liu et al, 1982) or 22 mg/kg in fentanyl/midazolam anaesthetized dogs (Groban et al, 2001).…”

“…Buprenorphine has been used to prolong the duration of local blockade in humans (Modi, Rastogi, & Kumar, 2009) and buprenorphine (0.004 mg/kg) added to bupivacaine in the epidural space provided up to 24-hr of pain relief in two-thirds of dogs undergoing stifle arthroplasty (Bartel et al, 2016). A combination of 0.1 ml buprenorphine and 0.3 ml 0.5% bupivacaine for infraorbital nerve blocks provided analgesia for > 24 hr in some dogs (Snyder & Snyder, 2016). The authors use 0.003-0.004 mg/kg combined with a local anaesthetic for perineural injection.…”

Congenital Feline Hypothyroidism With Partially Erupted Adult Dentition in a 10-Month-Old Male Neutered Domestic Shorthair Cat: A Case Report

“…As part of multimodal pain management, this patient also received oral regional nerve blocks which were synergistically enhanced with the addition of a narcotic. 20 Oral regional nerve blocks increase patient safety, allow earlier discharge, decrease costs, are good for client relations, and decrease patient morbidity. 10 Placing nerve blocks before treatment helps prevent “wind-up”/central sensitization.…”

Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog

“…This drug combination was selected aiming to prolong the analgesia effect of the dental block. [52][53][54][55][56] Teeth 308, 309, and 310 were mobile and partially extruded. Tooth 309 was easily removed with extraction forceps.…”