Effects of Brief Mindfulness Instructions on Reactions to Body Image Stimuli Among Female Smokers: An Experimental Study

Abstract

This study investigated whether mindfulness influences how female college smokers respond to a body image challenge. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial design with body image challenge (trying on a bathing suit vs. looking at a purse) crossed with instructions (mindfulness vs. silence). Female smokers (n = 64; M (age) = 20.03 [± 1.77], 87.5% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Purse + Silence (n = 16), Body Image + Silence (n = 15), Purse + Mindfulness (n = 15), and Body Image + Mindfulness (n = 18).

The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Body Image in Women between the Ages of Thirty and Forty after Beauty Surgeries

“…Hence, the identification of psychological components and factors affecting them, and considering them to be the main principles of improving performance in individuals who have had beauty surgery are effective methods (21). The results of this study were in line with other studies based on mindfulness to improving body image (26). The other study which had the same results explained that mindfulness effects on body comparison and body satisfaction (27).…”

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Smoking: A Systematic Literature Review

“…28,30 Training in mindfulness was a useful tool in facing smoking triggers and weakening the relation between craving and the act of smoking, which reduces the number of cigarettes smoked, in studies that briefly instructed the individuals on mindfulness. 27,30 Studies also showed that individuals who received training in mindfulness, when compared with individuals who received standard treatment (Freedom from Smoking), not only presented a greater decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked but also maintained this reduction in a follow-up after 17 weeks. 21 Another study 22 also presented more encouraging results regarding the cessation rate in a 24-week follow-up of groups that received training in mindfulness plus nicotine replacement therapy when compared with groups that received counseling through quitline plus nicotine replacement therapy.…”

“…Unpublished manuscript'' and Schuman-Olivier et al, ''A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness training for smokers''); two studies targeted smokers among university students; 17,27 one study investigated smokers among hospital employees; 16,19 one study investigated young adult smokers who were alcohol abusers; 28 and one study investigated a sample of smokers with mild intellectual disabilities. 29 The sample sizes ranged from 48 to 198 participants.…”

“…In general, articles presented low risk of bias regarding random sequence generation (Davis MJ) 21,22,25,28,29 and attrition. [21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30] All studies presented low risk of reporting bias, except one in which the risk was unclear. 16 For the other types of bias, eight papers presented low risk.…”

The Effects of Mindfulness-Cognitive Based Therapy on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and the Social Appraisal of Patients with Cancer and Changes in Physical Appearance

“…Newman Taylor et al, Kaviani et al, Azargoon and Kajbaf and Brown and Ryan (2,(18)(19)(20) also reported the same findings. Adams et al (21) noted that altered appearance results in the formation of negative cognitions and body images which preoccupy the afflicted patient. According to Schutte and Malouff (22), exercises such as paying attention to feelings and having mindful breathing help patients focus on fear over agony or terrible thoughts and cope with disease-related physical problems more effectively.…”