Effects of Brazil's Political Crisis on the Science Needed for Biodiversity Conservation

Magnusson, William E.; Grelle, Carlos Eduardo Viveiros; Marques, Márcia C. M.; Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte; Dias, Braulio Ferreira de Souza; Fontana, Carla Suertegaray; Bergallo, Helena Godoy; Overbeck, Gerhard Ernst; Vale, Mariana M.; Tomás, Walfrido Moraes; Cerqueira, Rui; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pillar, Valério D.; Malabarba, Luiz Roberto; Silva, Ana Carolina Borges Lins e; Neckel‐Oliveira, Selvino; Martinelli, Bruno; Akama, Alberto; Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus; Silveira, Luís Fábio; Scariot, Aldicìr; Fernándes, G. Wilson

doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00163

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Although not assessed in the present review, we share the belief that countries with rich biodiversity but reduced economic revenue face additional barriers to invest in conservation science. 63,64 This could lead to a severe deterioration of local capacities and advances already made in areas such as wildlife genetic research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in the application of non-invasive genetic sampling to study Neotropical birds: Uses, goals, and conservation potential

Baus

Monge

2019

Avian Biology Research

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The non-invasive collection of biological samples has proven useful to study a diverse array of research topics worldwide. Here, we present a systematic bibliographical synthesis exploring how the non-invasive collection of genetic samples has been used to study avian populations in the Neotropics. We searched international online databases for scientific publications, spanning from 2007 to 2017, to describe the trends and identify the sample types used, species studied, and research questions addressed. The analysis of 21 articles showed that shed feathers were most frequently used (66.7% of articles), followed by carcasses (14.2%), eggs (9.5%), and non-invasively obtained blood (4.8%); one study used both feces and shed feathers. Most studies addressed population genetic issues (38.1%), followed by species identification (28.6%), phylogenetic questions (14.3%), molecular sexing (9.5%), and parentage analyses (9.5%). Brazil produced almost half (47.6%) of the publications retrieved. Despite an increasing interest in using non-invasive sampling to study Neotropical avifauna, its application is still largely concentrated in the most developed countries in this region and to explore a limited number of questions. A more regular use of non-invasive sampling would help advance the knowledge of ecological, behavioral, genetic, and evolutionary aspects of Neotropical birds. Investigating the extent of human–wildlife conflict, such as impact of road-kills, illegal traffic, and collision with aerial infrastructure or unmanned vehicles, is an underexplored avenue of research in which this method could be of much help. Non-invasive genetic sampling can help tackle conservation problems and pave the way to scientifically informed conservation policies in this avian biodiversity hotspot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in the application of non-invasive genetic sampling to study Neotropical birds: Uses, goals, and conservation potential

Baus

Monge

2019

Avian Biology Research

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“…Despite the many advances since its creation, PPBio faces social, legal, and political restrictions (Magnusson et al 2018). One of the greatest challenges for maintaining long-term monitoring programs is the lack of guaranteed funding, which has consequences not only for scientific research and biodiversity knowledge but also for conservation (Fernandes et al 2017;Overbeck et al 2018).…”

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation

Rosa

Baccaro

Cronemberger

et al. 2021

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

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“…A diminuição dos gastos nessa época pode ser consequência tanto de mudanças nas políticas ambientais do governo após a sucessão da presidência do país quanto da chamada crise de confiança 48 que impactou negativamente a economia, ou mesmo de ambos processos. Com a manutenção da política macroeconômica pré-existente, a confiança retorna e a economia do país volta a crescer, até por volta de 2014, quando uma forte recessão econômica se instala (Paula e Pires, 2017), com impactos severos nos gastos públicos, como nos casos de meio ambiente e ciência, tecnologia e inovação (Angelo, 2019;Gibney, 2015;Magnusson et al, 2018;Marques, 2017; WWF/Brasil e Associação Contas Abertas, 2018). O segundo pico nos gastos em meio ambiente do governo federal responde, portanto, a esse período de crescimento econômico e o arrefecimento dos gastos ao fim da série correlaciona-se à recessão e consequente crise na economia do país.…”

Section: Análise Geral Dos Gastos Do Governo Federalunclassified

“…Neste último caso, o país foi responsável pela criação de 74% de todas as áreas protegidas no mundo entre 2003 e 2008 (Jenkins e Joppa, 2009). Ademais, o Brasil desempenhou um papel de liderança entre as nações em desenvolvimento nas questões relacionadas às políticas globais de meio ambiente (Chatin, 2016;Kiessling, 2018;Magnusson et al, 2018;Viola e Gonçalves, 2019). Infelizmente, esse período de protagonismo parece ter ficado para trás (Carvalho et al, 2019;Magnusson et al, 2018;Viola e Gonçalves, 2019).…”

Section: Textounclassified

TD 2609 - Dimensionamento e Comportamento dos Gastos Ambientais do Governo Federal: 2001 a 2018

Viana¹,

Moura²,

Klug³

et al. 2020

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O dimensionamento e o comportamento dos gastos ambientais realizados por um país são informações necessárias para avaliar a relevância que o tema ocupa nas agendas públicas e privadas, uma vez que permitem compreender as prioridades e os compromissos assumidos na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável. Apresentamos aqui os gastos em meio ambiente do governo federal nos anos de 2001 a 2018. Nesse período, o governo federal gastou nessa área uma média de R$ 5,9 bilhões/ano, o que corresponde ao total de R$ 106,7 bilhões no período. Isso representa, em média, 0,10% do produto interno bruto (PIB)/ano e 0,25% do gasto total do governo federal/ ano. Ou, ainda, a gastos no montante de R$ 30,43 per capita/ano. Os maiores gastos foram praticamente compartilhados em três temas: i) manejo de recursos aquáticos, em especial com o pagamento do seguro-defeso ao pescador artesanal (25,65%); ii) outras atividades de proteção ambiental, que incluem a gestão do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e de instituições vinculadas (25,63%); e iii) gestão de efluentes líquidos e águas residuais (24,73%). Comparado com outros países latino-americanos, os gastos em proteção do meio ambiente do Brasil são, proporcionalmente, pequenos, o que indica que os governos brasileiros que se sucederam deram baixa prioridade orçamentária às políticas ambientais. A despeito disso, o Brasil desenvolveu uma série de ações que resultaram em progressos nas políticas ambientais.

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Effects of Brazil's Political Crisis on the Science Needed for Biodiversity Conservation

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Current trends in the application of non-invasive genetic sampling to study Neotropical birds: Uses, goals, and conservation potential

Current trends in the application of non-invasive genetic sampling to study Neotropical birds: Uses, goals, and conservation potential

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation

TD 2609 - Dimensionamento e Comportamento dos Gastos Ambientais do Governo Federal: 2001 a 2018

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