Effects of Borrelia on host immune system: Possible consequences for diagnostics

McManus, Mualla; Cincotta, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2014.11.002

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…These findings indicate a comprehensive immune response, including the Th2 response, which stimulates interleucin-4 (IL-4) production. Interestingly, Borreliaʹs ʺLʺ form potentially evades Th2 response [37].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Borreliosis: An In-depth Review of Incidence, Diagnostic Challenges, and Awareness Efforts in Brazil

Alcon-Chino,

De-Simone

2024

Preprint

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In Brazil, Brazilian borreliosis (BB), characterized molecularly, exhibits symptoms akin to Lyme disease (LD) but presents unique epidemiological, clinical, and morphological features. This study explores the incidence, diagnostic challenges, and awareness initiatives regarding this disease in Brazil. Employing a narrative review methodology, data were sourced from Pubmed, Ebsco, Google Scholar, and Web of Science without temporal constraints. Results reveal diagnostic complexities in Brazil due to the low sensitivity of conventional tests and the use of North American B. burgdorferi antigens. Despite challenges, epidemiological studies indicate an upswing in cases in humans and animals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to define new biomarkers, molecular strategies, or new antigenic targets to advance the development of vaccines and diagnostics. Early and accurate pathogen identification is crucial for active surveillance to comprehend and manage this zoonosis.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Borreliosis: An In-depth Review of Incidence, Diagnostic Challenges, and Awareness Efforts in Brazil

Alcon-Chino,

De-Simone

2024

Preprint

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“…However, Lyme borreliosis is challenging to diagnose owing to a range of clinical manifestations and low sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic tests [13]. The wide variation in antigenicity among Borrelia genospecies may affect the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostics [55]. If genospecies differ in the presentation of clinical symptoms, this may in turn bias disease statistics directly or indirectly if it leads to a differential treatment.…”

Section: (A) Clinical Symptoms Diagnostics and Treatment Before Dissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme neuroborreliosis and bird populations in northern Europe

et al. 2019

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Many vector-borne diseases are transmitted through complex pathogen–vector–host networks, which makes it challenging to identify the role of specific host groups in disease emergence. Lyme borreliosis in humans is now the most common vector-borne zoonosis in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease is caused by multiple genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria transmitted by ixodid (hard) ticks, and the major host groups transmit Borrelia genospecies with different pathogenicity, causing variable clinical symptoms in humans. The health impact of a given host group is a function of the number of ticks it infects as well as the pathogenicity of the genospecies it carries. Borrelia afzelii , with mainly small mammals as reservoirs, is the most common pathogen causing Lyme borreliosis, and it is often responsible for the largest proportion of infected host-seeking tick nymphs in Europe. The bird-borne Borrelia garinii , though less prevalent in nymphal ticks, is more likely to cause Lyme neuroborreliosis, but whether B. garinii causes disseminated disease more frequently has not been documented. Based on extensive data of annual disease incidence across Norway from 1995 to 2017, we show here that 69% of disseminated Lyme borreliosis cases were neuroborreliosis, which is three times higher than predicted from the infection prevalence of B. garinii in host-seeking ticks (21%). The population estimate of migratory birds, mainly of thrushes, explained part of the annual variation in cases of neuroborreliosis, with a one-year time lag. We highlight the important role of the genospecies' pathogenicity and the host associations for understanding the epidemiology of disseminated Lyme borreliosis.

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Integrative medicine: Exploring the diversity of challenges

Tomas¹

2015

Advances in Integrative Medicine

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Effects of Borrelia on host immune system: Possible consequences for diagnostics

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Brazilian Borreliosis: An In-depth Review of Incidence, Diagnostic Challenges, and Awareness Efforts in Brazil

Brazilian Borreliosis: An In-depth Review of Incidence, Diagnostic Challenges, and Awareness Efforts in Brazil

Lyme neuroborreliosis and bird populations in northern Europe

Integrative medicine: Exploring the diversity of challenges

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