Lyme neuroborreliosis and bird populations in northern Europe

Mysterud, Atle; Heylen, Dieter; Matthysen, Erik; Garcia, Aïda López; Jore, Solveig; Viljugrein, Hildegunn

doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0759

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Migratory birds transport 50–175 million ticks across Canada each spring (Ogden et al., 2008), and the physiological stress of migration itself might help to drive reactivation of latent Bb sl infection (Gylfe et al., 2000). Individual studies have suggested that some birds have important contributions to enzootic maintenance of Bb sl (Brinkerhoff et al., 2011; Mysterud et al., 2019). For example, birds dominate transmission of Borrelia garinii and Borrelia valaisiana to larvae across Europe (Comstedt et al., 2006; Hanincová et al., 2003) and contribute to enzootic cycles of the primarily rodent genospecies, Borrelia afzelli (Franke et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi

Becker

Han

2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim Prediction of novel reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens would be improved by the identification of interspecific drivers of host competence (i.e., the ability to transmit pathogens to new hosts or vectors). Tick‐borne pathogens can provide a useful model system, because larvae become infected only when feeding on a competent host during their first blood meal. For tick‐borne diseases, competence has been studied best for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), which causes Lyme borreliosis. Major reservoirs include several small mammal species, but birds might play an under‐recognized role in human risk given their ability to disperse infected ticks across large spatial scales. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecological and evolutionary factors that determine the ability of bird species to infect larval ticks with Bbsl. Location Global. Time period 1983–2019. Major taxa studied Birds. Methods We compiled a dataset of Bbsl competence across 183 bird species and applied meta‐analysis, phylogenetic factorization and boosted regression trees to describe spatial and temporal patterns in competence, characterize its phylogenetic distribution across birds, reconstruct its evolution and evaluate the trait profiles associated with competent avian species. Results Half of the sampled bird species show evidence of competence for Bbsl. Competence displays moderate phylogenetic signal, has evolved multiple times across bird species and is pronounced in the genus Turdus. Trait‐based analyses distinguished competent birds with 80% accuracy and showed that such species have low baseline corticosterone, exist on both ends of the pace‐of‐life continuum, breed and winter at high latitudes and have broad migratory movements into their breeding range. We used these trait profiles to predict various likely but unsampled competent species, including novel concentrations of avian reservoirs within the Neotropics. Main conclusion Our results can generate new hypotheses for how birds contribute to the dynamics of tick‐borne pathogens and help to prioritize surveillance of likely but unsampled competent birds. Our findings also emphasize that birds display under‐recognized variation in their contributions to enzootic cycles of Bbsl and the broader need to consider competence in ecological and predictive studies of multi‐host pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi

Becker

Han

2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…The distinct periods in the annual life cycle of bird hosts is important to consider because they constrain the inferences that can be made about realized reservoir competence. First, migratory birds are obvious ideal agents for long‐distance dispersal of ticks and pathogens (Mysterud et al., 2019b). However, during migration time (fall and early spring), tick activity is very limited (Kurtenbach et al., 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have investigated the reservoir host potential of small mammals in the spread of Lyme borreliosis Borrelia (Beckmann et al., 2019; Martello et al., 2019; Mysterud et al., 2019c; Pisanu et al., 2010). Exploring the reservoir host potential of wild birds has been under‐investigated relative to rodents, although a complete understanding of the spread of Lyme borreliosis Borrelia must include wild birds because they can disseminate tick‐borne pathogens over large distances during migration (Falchi et al., 2012; Klitgaard et al., 2019; Mysterud et al., 2019a), and can participate in the local dynamics of both ticks and tick‐borne pathogens during their breeding periods (Marsot et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research effort on birds’ reservoir host potential for Lyme borreliosis: A systematic review and perspectives

Rataud

Henry

Moutailler

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Zoonotic tick‐borne diseases threat human and animal health. Understanding the role of hosts in the production of infected ticks in an epidemiological system is essential to be able to design effective measures to reduce the exposure of humans and animals to infectious tick bites. The reservoir host potential, that is, number of infected ticks produced by a host species, depends on three components: tick production, realized reservoir competence and host density. The parameters and factors that determine the reservoir host potential need to be characterized to achieve a robust understanding of the dynamics of pathogen–tick–host systems, and thus to mitigate the acarological risk of emerging infections. Few studies have investigated the role of birds in the local spread of Lyme borreliosis Borrelia. Knowledge of the research effort on the reservoir host potential of birds in Lyme borreliosis Borrelia circulation is necessary to prioritize future research on this topic. We provide a systematic review of the research effort on components of the reservoir host potential of wild birds for Lyme borreliosis Borrelia circulation, and factors that modulate these components in the European epidemiological system. Our review of 242 selected publications showed that tick production has been 1.4 and 21 times more studied than realized reservoir competence and bird density respectively. Only one study achieved to characterize the global host reservoir potential of birds in a given epidemiological system. Investigated factors were mostly related to bird species identity, individual characteristics of birds and tick characteristics, whereas the influence of bird life‐history traits have been largely under‐investigated. Because simultaneous characterization of all parameters is notoriously complex, interdisciplinary research is needed to combine and accumulate independent field and laboratory investigations targeting each parameter on specific epidemiological system or host species. This can help gain an integrated appraisal of the functioning of the studied system at a local scale.

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“…Anaplasma phagocytophilum harbors inside patient erythrocytes and was identified by cell sorting assay [80] . Parasites house inside ticks show regional climatic induced variations in genospecies and strain frequencies differing in pathogenicity [81] . For its identification DNA tests are performed [80] .…”

Section: Anapalsmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne Diseases, Transmission, Host Immune Responses, Diagnosis and Control

Yadav¹,

Upadhyay²

2021

j. of hum. physiol.

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Present review article explains tick-borne diseases, transmission, host immune responses, diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations. Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and humans. They release large numbers of protozoans, bacteria, rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding and transmit disease pathogens through saliva. Due to heavy blood sucking by ticks animals face significant blood and weight loss that affect their overall health. Due to more severe illness, high economic losses were noted in livestock. This article highlights medically important tick borne diseases in man and livestock, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment methods. The present article emphasizes invasion of hosts, host-pathogen interactions, tick saliva toxin induced host immune responses and biological effects. This article highlighted various tick control methods i.e. physical killing, acaricidal, biological, hormonal, genetic and immunological methods such as administration of protective antibody and vaccines for disease control in human being and his livestock. The authors suggest non-chemical environmentally safe methods for successful control of tick borne diseases to kill cattle, bird and canine invading ticks.

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Lyme neuroborreliosis and bird populations in northern Europe

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi

The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi

Research effort on birds’ reservoir host potential for Lyme borreliosis: A systematic review and perspectives

Tick-borne Diseases, Transmission, Host Immune Responses, Diagnosis and Control

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