Effects of Body Position on Slide Boarding Performance by Cross-Country Skiers

Leirdal, Stig; Sætran, Lars Roar; Roeleveld, Karin; Vereijken, Beatrix; Bråten, Steinar; Løset, Sveinung; Holtermann, Andreas; Ettema, Gertjan

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000227536.13175.52

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Leirdal et al [3], the moderate position of the skier is similar to gear 5 in this study. The results in Leirdal for FD were ~17 N and ~25 N for the static and dynamic test (air velocity 10m/s), respectively, which gives a CDA of 0.28 m 2 and 0.42 m 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…By using an object with a predetermined area ( ), it is possible to correlate this area with the number of image pixels ( ) to get the area units ( ) corresponding to each pixel (3). In this case, a rectangular white board with a height and width of 1.80 and 0.25 m was used as a reference area (0.45 m 2 ), see …”

Section: Skier Projected Frontal Area Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cross-country skiing (xc-skiing), the forces the skier must overcome are the frictional and gravitational forces and the aerodynamic drag [1][2][3][4][5]. The aerodynamic drag is expressed as…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drag Area, Frontal Area and Drag Coefficient in Cross-Country Skiing Techniques

Ainegren

Jönsson

2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the air drag, frontal area and coefficient of drag of cross-country skiing classical and free style techniques. One highly skilled cross-country skier performed skiing-like classical and free style techniques on a force plate in a wind tunnel. The skier was also photographed from the front in order to analyze the projected frontal area, which was determined from digital images using Matlab. From the results of the air drag and the frontal area measurements, the drag coefficient was also calculated. The results can be used by researchers to calculate the theoretical effect of air drag on cross-country skiing performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Skier Projected Frontal Area Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drag Area, Frontal Area and Drag Coefficient in Cross-Country Skiing Techniques

Ainegren

Jönsson

2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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“…In other words, a relatively complex technique, such as in cross-country skiing, compared with more simple techniques, such as cycling, may be a prerequisite for eYciency to be strongly aVected by the execution of the technique. Notably, the GE in this study is close to what is found in speed skating (de Koning et al 2005) and slide boarding (Leirdal et al 2006) with around 15%, but lower than in cycling with »20% (Ettema and Loras 2009).…”

Section: Metabolic Rate and Gross Eyciencysupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolic rate and gross efficiency at high work rates in world class and national level sprint skiers

et al. 2010

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The present study investigated metabolic rate (MR) and gross eYciency (GE) at moderate and high work rates, and the relationships to gross kinematics and physical characteristics in elite cross-country skiers. Eight world class (WC) and eight national level (NL) male sprint crosscountry skiers performed three 5-min stages using the skating G3 technique, whilst roller skiing on a treadmill. GE was calculated by dividing work rate by MR. Work rate was calculated as the sum of power against gravity and frictional rolling forces. MR was calculated using gas exchange and blood lactate values. Gross kinematics, i.e. cycle length (CL) and cycle rate (CR) were measured by video analysis. Furthermore, the skiers were tested for time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), and maximal speed (V max ) on the treadmill, and maximal strength in the laboratory. Individual performance level in sprint skating was determined by FIS points. WC skiers did not diVer in aerobic MR, but showed lower anaerobic MR and higher GE than NL skiers at a given speed (all P < 0.05). Moreover, WC skiers skated with longer CL and had higher V max and TTE (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study shows that WC skiers are more eYcient than NL skiers, and it is proposed that this might be due to a better technique and to technique-speciWc power.

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“…For drag and front area we assumed C d A = 0.55 m 2 when speed v 6 10 m/s and C d A = 0.35 m 2 in deep tuck position when v > 10 m/s. See references Leirdal, Saetran, Roeleveld, et al (2006) and Spring, Savolainen, Erkkila, Hamalainen, and Pihkala (1988) to simulate Eq. (5) depends on a, b, c. The experimental speed v e (i) was calculated as incremental distance divided by incremental time between two subsequent time measurements.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%