Effects of blue-green algal toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) on human granulosa cells in vitro

Monitoring Cyanobacteria Blooms in Freshwater Lakes using Remote Sensing Methods

“…In Poland, cyanobacterial blooms in the water supply is a major problem, especially for the Mazury Lake District in northeastern Poland [7], where a significant anthropogenic impact on the aquatic environment has been identified. Agriculture is one of the major sources of eutrophication [8]. Impact on water quality is manifested in the form of: increased content of nitrates and phosphates in surface and groundwater, the chemical residues of plant protection products, and silting of water displacing soil particles by water erosion.…”

“…Blue-green algae can lead to deterioration of water quality and use up the oxygen, causing the death of fish [8]. The cumulative effects of eutrophication and warming of the aquatic environment, coupled with cyanobacterial blooms, threaten the long-term survival of clean and cold-water fish species in the Mazury Lake District.…”

Cylindrospermopsin: cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Biological aspects and potential risk for human health and life

“…This compound has the ability to inhibit the synthesis of progesterone in human granulosa cells in vitro, but has no effect on production of estrogen. As a result, it can lead to an abnormal ratio between these two hormones, which in turn may cause difficulties in the conception or maintenance of pregnancy (Young et al 2008). It was found that CYN strongly inhibits glutathione (GSH) synthesis as well.…”

Toxic potencies of metabolite(s) of non-cylindrospermopsin producing Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii isolated from temperate zone in human white cells

“…It was found to induce DNA damage in various cell lines, including lymphoblastoid WIL2-NS (Humpage et al, 2000), differentiated HepaRG and colon-derivated Caco-2 (Bazin et al, 2010). It was also found to disrupt endocrine function by inhibiting basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone in human granulosa cells (Young et al, 2008). Moreover, CYN demonstrates immunomodulatory potencies and can suppress functions of human T-lymphocytes (Poniedziałek et al, 2012b(Poniedziałek et al, , 2014a and neutrophils (Poniedziałek et al, 2014b).…”