Effects of bleaching gel containing TiO₂ and chitosan on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an experimental bleaching gel made with TiO 2 and chitosan, along with the Opalescence Boost PF and Philips Zoom bleaching agents, on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour. Materials and Methods: The experimental gel, containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP), was evaluated against the two existing treatments, which incorporate 40% and 25% HP. For colour evaluation, 36 human premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 12). For surface roughness and microhardness evaluation, 72 bovine incisor samples were divided into six groups (n = 12). Data on colour alteration were analysed with the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and microhardness was measured with a Vickers hardness tester. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for surface roughness, microhardness values or colour change after bleaching (P > 0.05). The lowest bleaching efficacy was observed for the 40% HP agent, and the highest efficacy was observed for the 25% HP agent (P < 0.05). Conclusions: An experimental 6% HP gel containing TiO 2 and chitosan provided effective bleaching without adverse effects on tooth surface roughness or microhardness. The use of TiO 2 with chitosan can provide clinicians with positive results.

The Effect of In-Office Bleaching with Different Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide on Enamel Color, Roughness, and Color Stability

“…Kwon et al [ 41 ] reported that the viscosity of the bleaching gel did not influence bleaching efficacy, but lower-viscosity gels increased hydrogen peroxide penetration. Although no significant increase in surface roughness values after bleaching with 40% HP was reported in the study by Kolsuz et al [ 42 ], in another study, a significant difference was observed in the surface roughness values, which is in line with the findings of the current study [ 43 ]. Here, the gels with 25% HP with nHA and 18% HP with nHA had lower viscosity than the other bleaching gels evaluated in the study.…”

Effects of experimental bleaching gels containing co-doped titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide combined with violet light

“…That demonstrated low peroxide concentrations (6% HP) do not change surface roughness [29,45,48]. Although the roughness meter detects slight modi cations in the surface pattern of peaks and valleys, the reported values are minimal and will not cause consequences to the optical properties of the enamel nor will it increase the risk of bio lm formation -which could happen on surfaces with roughness values higher than 0.2µm [49].…”

Quantitative Measurements of the Depth of Enamel Demineralization before and after Bleach: An In Vitro Study

“…Nevertheless, other studies concerning the demineralization and the microhardness of thinned enamel, before and after bleaching, have been controversial, and diversity of results has been obtained in the different works carried out. Some studies did not result in changes to the enamel surface after bleaching, nor was there change to the topography of enamel and dentin [33][34][35]. These studies concluded that despite using high concentrations of HP, the enamel was preserved.…”