Effects of birth weight and maternal dietary fat source on the fatty acid profile of piglet tissue

Tanghe, Sofie; Millet, Sam; Missotten, Joris; Vlaeminck, Bruno; Smet, Stefaan De

doi:10.1017/s1751731114001724

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lowering the ratio of ω6:ω3 PUFAs by adding linseed oil to the maternal diet can decrease ω6:ω3 ratio in colostrum and milk by enriching ALA concentration [1], thus, increasing concentrations of ALA in piglet liver, brain, and muscle tissues [37], plasma, carcass [38], and intestinal mucosa [39]. Our results are consistent with the findings of Yao et al [1] when offering high ALA combined with the low LA diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status

Nguyen

Agazzi

Comi³

et al. 2020

Animals

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The ratio of omega-6 (ω6) to omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet contributes to animal health and performance modulations because they have mostly opposite physiological functions. Increasing ω3 PUFAs content in the maternal diet can stimulate antioxidative capacity in sow and piglets; however, the optimal ratio of ω6 and ω3 PUFAs in the sow diet is still under discussion. Rich sources of bioactive constituents such as brown seaweed are an excellent supplementation to promote animal health and antioxidant status. However, the knowledge of the effects of this compound, specifically in post-weaning piglets, is still limited. Moreover, the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 PUFAs ratio in sow diet and seaweed supplementation in post-weaning piglets’ diet has never been studied. This research aims to assess the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in sow diets and seaweed supplementation in piglet diets on their growth and oxidative status. We also assessed the impact of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in the maternal diet on reproduction, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, and plasma leptin concentration. Two sow diets (n = 8 each) contained either a control ratio (CR, 13:1 during gestation, starting from day 28 (G28) and 10:1 during lactation) or a low ratio (LR, 4:1 from G28 until the end of lactation (L-End)) of ω6:ω3 FA by adding soybean oil or linseed oil, respectively. Reproductive performance was evaluated. Colostrum and milk at lactation day 7 (L7) and L-End were collected to analyze FA profile. Plasma was collected at G28, G79, G108, L7, L14, and L-End for determination of leptin and oxidative status. At weaning, 20 male piglets were selected per sow group to form 4 diet treatments (n = 10 each), which were supplemented with or without 4 g/kg seaweed. Recording of growth performance and collection of blood were performed at days 0, 7, 15, and 21 of post-weaning for oxidative status. LR diet increased (p < 0.05) the survival rate of piglets at weaning, and individual and litter weight gains. Colostrum and milk at L7 and L-End had lower (p < 0.05) ω6:ω3 ratio in LR sows. Interaction between dietary treatments on sows and piglets was revealed for all examined growth parameters at most time points (p < 0.05). LR diet did not affect plasma leptin levels and oxidative status. These findings suggest that the seaweed supplement during post-weaning could not improve growth rate and oxidative status of piglets born from mothers receiving a low dietary ω6:ω3 ratio (4:1) during gestation and lactation. However, this low ratio was beneficial for weaning survival rate, sucking piglets’ weight gain, and ω3 enrichment in colostrum and milk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status

Nguyen

Agazzi

Comi³

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Study also showed that the addition of animal-based PUFA, such as fish oil, has led to improved DHA deposition in piglet tissue compared to piglet supplemented by plant-based PUFA. The same study also stated that maternal supplementation of PUFA increases piglet brain DHA that correlates with birthweight (24) . A study also showed that the addition of DHA in piglets' diet has shown to increase N-acylethanolamine, a type of cannabinoid receptor ligand, in specific brain regions such as brainstem, auditory cortex, cerebellum, and striatum, up to ten fold compared to DHA-deficient diet (25) .…”

Section: Dha Studies In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 74%

A quick glance at docosahexaenoic acid fortification in formulated milk for infants, from animal models to clinical studies: a review

Irwanto¹,

Ikhtiar²

2022

Pediatr Med Rodz

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Docosahexaenoic acid is a fatty acid found naturally in plants oil, fish oil, fish meat, seafood flaxseed, algae, and egg yolk. It is one of the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids that are important for human biochemistry. As an important component of grey matter, docosahexaenoic acid is subject to intense research in the field of neurodevelopmental study. It is needed mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy for optimal foetal brain growth and mother’s docosahexaenoic acid intake is known to be important in supplying the foetal needs. However, arguments still exist on whether docosahexaenoic acid status is essential or non-essential for infants, especially in the preterm infant population. In the past, strong arguments coming from translational studies showed the benefits of supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid in developing foetuses and infants. Hence, docosahexaenoic acid supplementation has long existed as commercially available docosahexaenoic acid-fortified formula milk. However, the benefit of this supplementation remains controversial after follow-up in human-based studies and clinical trials. The discovery of the fatty acid desaturase gene and its significance in regulating human docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels also seemed to give new evidence basis for docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in infants. This literature review attempts to explain the current understanding of clinical benefit of docosahexaenoic acid-fortified milk for infants, starting from the translational study level to clinical trials.

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“…The highest levels of FA found in this tissue were palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), arachidonic (C20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3). Authors (Palmquist et al, 2009;Francine et al, 2010;Tanghe et al, 2014) mention that nerve tissue requires high amounts of DHA for neuronal function and mammals are able to synthesize DHA from its precursor Alpha-linoleic acid by a series of enzymatic reactions that enlarge it to C24:6 n-3, followed by beta-oxidation to convert it to DHA, which can be metabolically utilized. In the brain it is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis as a part of neuron membranes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acids (FA) of the n-3 series are a structural component of the phospholipid membrane of neurons and are found in high concentrations in the brain and retina. Their use in diets for sows has been shown to improve foetal development and neonatal vigour (Tanghe et al, 2014;Francine et al, 2010). The synaptic membranes of the brain contain high amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), which have been shown to intervene in the learning process, exploration and survival of piglets (Farmer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

Gasperín¹,

Vicente²,

Pinos-Rodríguez³

et al. 2020

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

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Effects of birth weight and maternal dietary fat source on the fatty acid profile of piglet tissue

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status

Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status

A quick glance at docosahexaenoic acid fortification in formulated milk for infants, from animal models to clinical studies: a review

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

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