Effects of biopraparites on cynara scolymus L., micro and macroelements, and quantity of flavonoids

Abstract

Abstact. In this study, the effect of “Zamin-M” biopreparation on the content of some macronutrients, microelements and flavonoids in the leaf extract of thorny artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) belonging to the family Asteraceae was determined by 4 different factors: control, mineral fertilizer, biopreparation, biopreparation study and mineral fertilizer. The order of decreasing the concentration of macro-microelements in the control variant changed for K>Na> Ca>Mg>P and Fe>Si>Al>Mn>Zn>Cu>Se>Co. In plants treated with “Zamin-M” biopreparation, changes in Ca>Na>Mg>K>P and Fe>Al>Si >Mn>Zn>Cu>Co>Se were found. When determining the effect of Zamin-M biopreparation on the flavonoids in artichoke leaves, it was noted that the amount of quercetin in plants increased by 93.05% compared to plants treated with mineral fertilizers. The amount of rutin was increased by 54.94% in plants treated with “Zamin-M”, it was 57.55% in plants treated with mineral fertilizers, and it was 59.60% in plants treated with mineral fertilizers + “Zamin-M” biopreparation.

Extraction of “Elicitor” and determination of volatile organic substances contained in the elicitor

“…The resulting cooled autolysate was then filtered [17]. The process of preparing the equivalent material for the production of "elicitor" depends on the type of producer and its physiological and biochemical features [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It consists of several stages, including the initial gray form in a test tube, agar cultivation in a test tube, liquid food cultivation in oscillators or special equipment, microorganism ash types accumulation in fermenters, and the production of equivalent material [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…The resulting supernatant was then mixed with a solvent in a volume ratio of 1:10, and 70 mL of organic solvent (n-hexane) was used for extraction [2][3][4][5][6]. Finally, the extract was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and 1 μl of the extract was used for the analysis [9][10][11][12][13]17].…”

“…A co-produced formulation of Azospirillum, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (FEB) and pink pigmented facultative methylotropes were used as bioinoculants in cotton. Plant growth indicators and root growth, yield parameters and fiber quality indicators were determined [6][7][8][9][10].…”

The influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the cultivation of Cynara Scolymus L. under salinity stress

“…Conversely, management practices using organic materials affect agricultural sustainability by improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. The use of organic additives has long been recognized as an effective means of improving soil structure and fertility, increasing the diversity, activity and population of microbes, as well as maintaining moisture in the soil and increasing productivity [8,9,10,11]. Currently, the use of biological fertilizers as an additive to improve the growth and productivity of agricultural, horticultural and medicinal plants plays an important role [12,13].…”

Cynara scolymus L. Yaprağının Farklı Ekstraktlarda Invitro Aktioksidan Aktivitelerinin ve Makro ve Mikro Element Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesi

“…It is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2 -, * OH, H2O2 which are released as aresult of ongoing metabolic reactions in the organism, induce/lead to oxidative stress that causes endotoxic shock, neurogenerative disorders and cancer (Ben Salem et al 2015, Yazar et al 2004.It has been shown in many studies that besides the cellular antioxidant mechanism, flavanoids, phenolic compounds as catechins, anthocynanins and the other minerals and vitamins that are naturally found in the structure of many plants such as artichoke, support the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress (Avci et al 2021, Ben Salem et al 2017a, Biel et al 2020, Erdogan et al 2020. The presence of micro elements such as Mn, Cu, Zn and Se in plants as cofactors in the structure of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the antioxidant defense system (Sobirova andMurodova 2021, Tokalioglu 2012) is also important for the prevention of oxidative stress. With the current increase in the use and consumption of raw plant materials, it is very important to monitor contaminants present in plants and set maximum standards for their concentrations in order to ensure safe use (Biel et al 2020).…”