Effects of bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy on thyroid and gonadal functions in the edible dormouse Glis glis

Jallageas, Monique; Mas, N.; Saboureau, Michel; Jp, Roussel; Lacroix, André

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(93)90321-t

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, in superior cervical ganglionectomized minks ( Mustela lutreola ) kept in natural conditions, the timing of the progesterone peak and the prolactin increase barely differed from control animals (Martinet and Allain, 1985). When superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in June, dormice ( Glis glis ) show entrainment in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) cycles to a natural PP in the same way as controls (Jallageas et al, 1993). Furthermore, the annual progesterone peak in pinealectomized female wolves ( Canis lupus ) was entrained to the natural year and occurred each year in January/February exactly as in sham-operated controls (Asa et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod Can Entrain Circannual Rhythms in Pinealectomized European Hamsters

et al. 2013

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In mammals, the pineal hormone melatonin is thought to be essential to process environmental photoperiodic information. In this study, we demonstrate in a circannual species, the European hamster Cricetus cricetus, the existence of a melatonin-independent second pathway. In 4 physiological parameters (reproduction, body weight, activity pattern, body temperature), a large majority of pinealectomized European hamsters were entrained to an accelerated photoperiodic regime. It compressed the natural variations in the photoperiod to a 6-month cycle, which allowed us to record up to 6 complete physiological cycles during the life span of the individuals. We show further that whether a pinealectomized animal is able to entrain to changes in the photoperiod is influenced by the season of pinealectomy. The results do not disprove that melatonin is capable of entraining a circannual rhythm, but they show clearly that melatonin is not necessary, demonstrating another melatonin-independent pathway for circannual entrainment by the photoperiod. In view of these new insights, a revision of the original literature revealed that probably the melatonin-independent pathway plays an important role in most circannual mammals but only a minor role in photoperiodic species. Thus, the present work provides also the first evidence for different synchronization mechanisms in photoperiodic and circannual species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod Can Entrain Circannual Rhythms in Pinealectomized European Hamsters

et al. 2013

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“…In addition to the importance of the SCG in the cerebrovasculature, the SCG innervates and impacts the function of many organs including the heart (29,41,61,65,66), the eye (23,53,62,64), and secretory glands, such as the pineal gland (30,31) thyroid/parathyroid and salivary glands (7,9,10,26,49). It has also been suggested that the SCG and other sympathetic neurons function as a peripheral neuroendocrine center (8,9) serving as the communication bridge between the central nervous system and the endocrine system (9,52).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing age alters the expression of the ryanodine receptor 3 isoform in adult rat superior cervical ganglia

Vanterpool¹,

Vanterpool²,

Pearce³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) protect the cerebrovasculature during periods of acute hypertension and may play a role in homeostasis of target organs. The functions of these nerves depend on calcium release triggered by activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels. The function of RyR channels is in part dependent on genetic expression and regulation by numerous protein modulators such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neurons also found in the SCG. We have shown that release of calcium in SCG cells is altered during late maturation and advancing age. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that may in part account for these data are elusive. Therefore we used molecular techniques to test the hypothesis that advancing age alters the pattern of genetic expression and/or protein levels of RyRs and their modulation by nNOS in the SCG in F344 rats aged 6, 12, and 24 mo. Surprisingly, ryr1 expression was undetectable in all age groups and ryr2 and ryr3 are the predominantly transcribed isoforms in the adult rat SCG. mRNA and protein levels for RyR2 isoform did not change with advancing age. However, ryr3 mRNA levels increased from 6 to 12 mo and declined from 12 to 24 mo. Similarly, RyR3 receptor protein levels also increased from 6 to 12 mo and declined from 12 to 24 mo. Because nNOS and the phosphorylation of the RyRs have been shown to modulate the function of RyRs, total phosphorylation and nNOS protein levels were analyzed in all age groups. Phosphorylation levels of the RyRs were similar in all age groups. However, nNOS protein levels increased from 6 to 12 mo followed by decline from 12 to 24 mo. These data suggest that advancing age selectively impacts the genetic expression and protein levels of RyR3 as well as modulatory nNOS protein levels. In addition, these data may part provide some insight into the possible changes in the function of RyRs that may occur with the normal aging process.

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“…Cervical sympathetic ganglia send their axons around external carotid arteries to the thyroid gland. 19 Sympathetic innervation of the thyroid gland is provided by superior cervical ganglion, 20 which contributes to gland enlargement and may modulate tissue/TSH interactions. 21 The sympathoadrenal system interacts with thyroid In conclusion, we could say with a great insight that the damage of the peripheral autonomic network innervating the thyroid gland can be as responsible or even more than the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the pathology of autoimmune thyroiditis.…”

Section: Sympathetic Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagosympathetic imbalance induced thyroiditis following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: This preliminary study evaluates the possible responsibility of ischemia-induced vagosympathetic imbalances following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), for the onset of autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were chosen from our former experimental animals, five of which were picked from healthy rabbits as control (nG-I=5). Sham group (nG-II=5) and animals with thyroid pathologies (nG-III=12) were also included after a one-month-long experimental SAH follow-up. Thyroid hormone levels were measured weekly, and animals were decapitated. Thyroid glands, superior cervical ganglia, and intracranial parts of vagal nerve sections obtained from our tissue archives were reexamined with routine/immunohistochemical methods. Thyroid hormone levels, hormone-filled total follicle volumes (TFVs) per cubic millimeter, degenerated neuron density (DND) of vagal nuclei and neuron density of superior cervical ganglia were measured and statistically compared. Results: The mean neuron density of both superior cervical ganglia was estimated as 8230±983/ mm3 in study group animals with severe thyroiditis, 7496±787/mm3 in the sham group and 6416±510/mm3 in animals with normal thyroid glands. In control group (group I), T3 was 107±11 μg/dL, T4: 1,43±0.32 μg/dL and TSH <0.5, while mean TFV was 43%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 3±1/mm3. In sham group (group II), T3 was 96±11 μg/dL, T4: 1.21±0.9 μg/ dL and TSH>0.5 while TFV was 38%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 13±4. In study group, T3 was 54±8 μg/dL, T4: 1,07±0.3 μg/dL and TSH >0.5, while TFV was 27%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 42±9/mm3. Conclusion: Sympathovagal imbalance characterized by relative sympathetic hyperactivity based on vagal insufficiency should be considered as a new causative agent for hypothyroidism.

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Effects of bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy on thyroid and gonadal functions in the edible dormouse Glis glis

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Photoperiod Can Entrain Circannual Rhythms in Pinealectomized European Hamsters

Photoperiod Can Entrain Circannual Rhythms in Pinealectomized European Hamsters

Advancing age alters the expression of the ryanodine receptor 3 isoform in adult rat superior cervical ganglia

Vagosympathetic imbalance induced thyroiditis following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study

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