Effects of Auxins on the Production of Steroidal Alkaloids in Rapidly Proliferating Tissue and Cell Cultures of <i>Solanum lyratum</i>

Kuo, Chia-Wei; Chao, Chi-Hsein; Lu, Mei-Kuang

doi:10.1002/pca.1371

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…For example, plant hormone auxin was used to induce the production of steroidal saponin solanine, solasodine and solanidine in the tissue and suspension culture of Solanum lyratum (Kuo et al 2012). Similarly, steroidal saponin (aculeatiside A, aculeatiside B) production was observed in considerable amount in the hairy root culture of Solanum aculeatissimum under continuous light treatment for 8 weeks (Ikenaga et al 1995).…”

Section: Production Of Steroidal Saponin In Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production.Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.

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Section: Production Of Steroidal Saponin In Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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“…Attoumbre et al describe a centrifugal partition chromatography procedure for the isolation of solanidine from glycoalkaloid hydrolysates of potato skins and sprout extracts. Kuo et al found that adding auxin phytohormones to cell culture tissues of the Solanum lyratum plant induced increases in the production of solanidine and solasodine levels, suggesting the availability of a new method for the production of steroidal alkaloids. Friedman and Levin reviewed analytical methods for investigating potato glycoalkaloids and bioactive calystegine alkaloids.…”

Section: Chemistry and Prevalence Of Glycoalkaloids In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Anticarcinogenic Mechanisms of Glycoalkaloids Produced by Eggplants, Potatoes, and Tomatoes

Friedman¹

2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

166

106

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Inhibition of cancer can occur via apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell self-destruction that involves numerous biomarkers and signaling pathways. Glycoalkaloids are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. Exposure of cancer cells to glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and tomatoes (α-tomatine) or their hydrolysis products (mono-, di-, and trisaccharide derivatives and the aglycones solasodine, solanidine, and tomatidine) inhibits the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo. This overview comprehensively surveys and consolidates worldwide efforts to define the following aspects of these natural compounds: (a) their prevalence in the three foods; (b) their chemistry and structure-activity relationships; (c) the reported factors (biomarkers, signaling pathways) associated with apoptosis of bone, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, glioblastoma, leukemia, liver, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and the in vivo inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and in human skin cancers; and (d) future research needs. The described results may make it possible to better relate the structures of the active compounds to their health-promoting function, individually, in combination, and in food, and allow the consumer to select glycoalkaloid-containing food with the optimal content of nontoxic beneficial compounds. The described findings are expected to be a valuable record and resource for further investigation of the health benefits of food-related natural compounds.

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“…Solasodine exclusively used as a contraceptive in different areas of world. [ 9 ] Glycoalkaloids used as defensive agent when the plant is subjected to attack by insect and fungi. At higher concentration, glycoalkaloids showed some harmful effects to humans although they enhanced anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitation based enhancement of secondary metabolites in Rauwolfia serpentina and Solanum khasianum hairy root cultures

2016

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Background:Rauwolfia serpentina and Solanum khasianum are well-known medicinally important plants contained important alkaloids in their different parts. Elicitation of these alkaloids is important because of associated pharmaceutical properties. Targeted metabolites were ajmaline and ajmalicine in R. serpentina; solasodine and α-solanine in S. khasianum.Objective:Enhancement of secondary metabolites through biotic and abiotic elicitors in hairy root cultures of R. serpentina and S. khasianum.Materials and Methods:In this report, hairy root cultures of these two plants were established through Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation by optimizing various parameters as age of explants, duration of preculture, and co-cultivation period. NaCl was used as abiotic elicitors in these two plants. Cellulase from Aspergillus niger was used as biotic elicitor in S. khasianum and mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used in R. serpentina.Results:First time we have reported the effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on the production of important metabolites in hairy root cultures of these two plants. Ajmalicine production was stimulated up to 14.8-fold at 100 mM concentration of NaCl after 1 week of treatment. Ajmaline concentration was also increased 2.9-fold at 100 mg/l dose of mannan after 1 week. Solasodine content was enhanced up to 4.0-fold and 3.6-fold at 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl, respectively, after 6 days of treatments.Conclusion:This study explored the potential of the elicitation strategy in A. rhizogenes transformed cell cultures and this potential further used for commercial production of these pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites.SUMMARY Hairy roots of Rauwolfia serpentina were subjected to salt (abiotic stress) and mannan (biotic stress) treatment for 1 week. Ajmaline and ajmalicine secondary metabolites were quantified before and after stress treatmentAjmalicine yield was enhanced up to 14.8-fold at 100 mM concentration of NaCl. Ajmaline content was also stimulated 2.9-fold at 100 mg/l dose of mannan after 1 weekHairy roots of Solanum khasianum were treated with cellulase (biotic elicitor) and salt (abiotic stress)Solasodine content was improved up to 4.0-fold and 3.6-fold at 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl, respectively, after 6.days of treatmentsThe α-solanine content increased to 1.6-fold after 24 h of treatment at 100 μg/mL cellulase concentration. Abbreviations used: MS medium: Murashige and Skoog medium, B5 medium: Gamborg B5 medium, OD: Optical Density, NaCl: Sodium Chloride.

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Effects of Auxins on the Production of Steroidal Alkaloids in Rapidly Proliferating Tissue and Cell Cultures of Solanum lyratum

Abstract: Auxins were found to be useful phytohormones for the production of steroidal alkaloids. The callus and cell culture system developed is simple and can hence be a method of production of steroidal alkaloids in S. lyratum and other Solanaceae species.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Chemistry and Anticarcinogenic Mechanisms of Glycoalkaloids Produced by Eggplants, Potatoes, and Tomatoes

Elicitation based enhancement of secondary metabolites in Rauwolfia serpentina and Solanum khasianum hairy root cultures

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