Effects of autonomic nerve stimulation on colorectal motility in rats

Tong, Weidong; Ridolfi, Timothy J.; Kosinski, Lauren; Ludwig, Kirk; Takahashi, Toshio

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01461.x

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Our results in guinea pig are similar to in vivo results in the rat, where PN stimulation increased baseline distal colonic motility at least 2-fold and hypogastric nerve stimulation reduced baseline activity, 31 and transection of these nerves resulted in slowed transit in case of PN and accelerated transit after hypogastric nerve damage. 30 Our results also correspond to findings in dogs, where damage to PN branches slowed down colonic transit, inhibited defecation reflex, 9 and resulted in diminished electrical activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…30 Response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation was abolished by muscarinic receptor blockade, while response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was abolished by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. 31 We also showed that the PN dissection significantly impaired colonic transit and colonic motility in rats. 10,30 Thus, it is likely that extrinsic innervation, rather than intrinsic innervation, plays a major role in regulating colonic peristalsis of the rat colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility is poorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), and placed in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMG stimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P ＜ 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increased the intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10 −6 M) and hexamethonium (10 −4 M). PN stimulation reduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M). IMG stimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine; 10 −6 M). Conclusions

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…Thus, a small number of intrinsic neurons in the gut of mouse and guinea pig (but not the rat, see Phillips and Powley, 2007) express TH (Li et al, 2004; Qu et al, 2008). Also, it has been suggested that the vagus nerve in the rat reaches the distal colon (De Groat et al, 1996; Gschossmann et al, 2002; Tong et al, 2010), and since a number of vagal sensory neurons express TH (Ichikawa et al, 1991; Kummer et al, 1993; Matsumoto et al, 2003), they could contribute a fraction of TH-IR afferent fibers in the colorectum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating pelvic organs in the mouse express tyrosine hydroxylase

Brumovsky

McCarthy

et al. 2012

Neuroscience

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Previous studies in rat and mouse documented that a subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating non-visceral tissues express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Here we studied whether or not mouse DRG neurons retrogradely traced with Fast Blue (FB) from colorectal or urinary bladder also express immunohistochemically detectable TH. The lumbar sympathetic chain (LSC) and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) were included in the analysis. Previously characterized antibodies against TH, norepinephrine transporter type 1 (NET-1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used. On average, 14% of colorectal and 17 % of urinary bladder DRG neurons expressed TH and spanned virtually all neuronal sizes, although more often in the medium-sized to small ranges. Also, they were more abundant in lumbosacral than thoracolumbar DRGs, and often coexpressed CGRP. We also detected several TH-immunoreactive (IR) colorectal and urinary bladder neurons in the LSC and the MPG, more frequently in the former. No NET-1-IR neurons were detected in DRGs, whereas the majority of FB-labeled, TH-IR neurons in the LSC and MPG coexpressed this marker (as did most other THIR neurons not labeled from the target organs). TH-IR nerve fibers were detected in all layers of the colorectum and the urinary bladder, with some also reaching the basal mucosal cells. Most TH-IR fibers in these organs lacked CGRP. Taken together, we show: 1) that a previously undescribed population of colorectal and urinary bladder DRG neurons expresses TH, often CGRP but not NET-1, suggesting absence of a noradrenergic phenotype; and 2) that TH-IR axons/terminals in colon or urinary bladder, naturally expected to derive from autonomic sources, could also originate from sensory neurons.

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“…Moreover, it is frequently observed that handling itself without stress loading produces fecal pellet output. The motor activity of the distal colon is mainly regulated by the pelvic nerves, while the proximal and mid-colon are mainly regulated by vagal nerves in rats (Tong et al 2010). The number of fecal pellets expelled is considered to mainly reflect distal colonic motor function (Million et al 2000), while colonic transit measurement is considered to reflect the motor function of the entire colon.…”

Section: Colonic Transit Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic circuit regulating colonic transit following chronic stress in rats

Yoshimoto

Cerjak

Babygirija

et al. 2011

Stress

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Although acute stress accelerates colonic transit, the effect of chronic stress on colonic transit remains unclear. In this study, rats received repeated restraint stress (chronic homotypic stress) or various types of stress (chronic heterotypic stress) for 5 and 7 days, respectively. Vehicle saline, oxytocin (OXT), OXT receptor antagonist or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists were administered by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection prior to restraint stress for 90 min. Immediately after the stress exposure, the entire colon was removed and the geometric center (GC) of Na51CrO4 (a nonabsorbable radioactive marker; 0.5 μCi) distribution was calculated to measure the transit. Gene expression of OXT and CRF in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Accelerated colonic transit with the acute stressor was no longer observed following chronic homotypic stress. This restored colonic transit was reversed by ICV injection of an OXT antagonist. In contrast, chronic heterotypic stress significantly accelerated colonic transit, which was attenuated by ICV injection of OXT and by a CRF receptor 1 antagonist. OXT mRNA expression in the PVN was significantly increased following chronic homotypic stress, but not chronic heterotypic stress. However, CRF mRNA expression in the PVN was significantly increased following acute and chronic heterotypic stress, but not chronic homotypic stress. These results indicate that central OXT and CRF play a pivotal role in mediating the colonic dysmotility following chronic stress in rats.

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Effects of autonomic nerve stimulation on colorectal motility in rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating pelvic organs in the mouse express tyrosine hydroxylase

Hypothalamic circuit regulating colonic transit following chronic stress in rats

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