Effects of Automatic Detection on Dynamic Decision Making

González, Cleotilde; Thomas, Rick P.

doi:10.1518/155534308x377810

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This automaticity frees up the ability to attend to portions of the problem that need more attention. 6,90 This study corroborates these findings (Table 1), as assessed through both time and number of probe movements when matching up the target image to the location in the simulation torso. On average, when moving the probe to match up the position location to the target image, experts make 36 probe movements compared with the 61 made by novices [fð1;121Þ ¼ 14.95, p < 0.05].…”

Section: Experts Exhibit Flexible Retrieval With Little Effortsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cognitive processing differences of experts and novices when correlating anatomy and cross-sectional imaging

Salkowski

Russ

2018

J. Med. Imag.

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The ability to correlate anatomical knowledge and medical imaging is crucial to radiology and as such, should be a critical component of medical education. However, we are hindered in our ability to teach this skill because we know very little about what expert practice looks like, and even less about novices' understanding. Using a unique simulation tool, this research conducted cognitive clinical interviews with experts and novices to explore differences in how they engage in this correlation and the underlying cognitive processes involved in doing so. This research supported what has been known in the literature, that experts are significantly faster at making decisions on medical imaging than novices. It also offers insight into the spatial ability and reasoning that is involved in the correlation of anatomy to medical imaging. There are differences in the cognitive processing of experts and novices with respect to meaningful patterns, organized content knowledge, and the flexibility of retrieval. Presented are some novice-expert similarities and differences in image processing. This study investigated extremes, opening an opportunity to investigate the sequential knowledge acquisition from student to resident to expert, and where educators can help intervene in this learning process.

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Section: Experts Exhibit Flexible Retrieval With Little Effortsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cognitive processing differences of experts and novices when correlating anatomy and cross-sectional imaging

Salkowski

Russ

2018

J. Med. Imag.

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“…The aim of this experiment was to examine the development of target identification and decision making skill in a complex RADAR task, with the additional subtask of counting tones (Gonzalez & Thomas, 2008). According to the training difficulty hypothesis formulated to account for training effects in foreign vocabulary acquisition (Schneider et al, 2002;Young et al, 2005), increasing the amount of effort during training (by adding an additional parallel task) should initially impede performance and acquisition of the primary skill of detecting targets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full version of these tasks was described in an earlier article (Gonzalez & Thomas, 2008), and thus, here we focus on only those parts that are relevant for the present study.…”

Section: Stimuli and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interframe interval was 1500 milliseconds. In each frame, four blips originated from the four principal corners of the RADAR screen (NE, NW, SE, SW), and converged uniformly to the centre of the RADAR screen (see Figure 1, top panel), then dissolved after 2062 milliseconds of being displayed (see Gonzalez & Thomas, 2008). After the seventh frame, the deviant tones stopped and the middle-pitched tone continued.…”

Section: Procedures and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To discriminate among these alternative potential effects of adding a secondary task to the primary task during training on primary task performance at test, we used the RADAR visual search and decision making paradigm developed by Gonzalez and Thomas (2008). This task requires dynamic detection and decision making under complex conditions that approximate those occurring outside the laboratory in military settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of training with added difficulties on RADAR detection

Young¹,

Healy²,

González

et al. 2010

Appl. Cognit. Psychol.

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Summary: Three experiments simulating military RADAR detection addressed a training difficulty hypothesis (training with difficulty promotes superior later testing performance) and a procedural reinstatement hypothesis (test performance improves when training conditions match test conditions). Training and testing were separated by 1 week. Participants detected targets (either alphanumeric characters or vehicle pictures) occurring among distractors. Two secondary tasks were used to increase difficulty (a concurrent, irrelevant tone-counting task and a sequential, relevant action-firing response). In Experiment 1, involving alphanumeric targets with rapid displays, tone counting during training degraded test performance. In Experiment 2, involving vehicle targets with both sources of difficulty and slower presentation times, training under relevant difficulty aided test accuracy. In Experiment 3, involving vehicle targets and action firing with slow presentation times, test accuracy tended to be worst when neither training nor testing involved difficult conditions. These results show boundary conditions for the training difficulty and procedural reinstatement hypotheses.

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Influence of Televisibility and Harm Probability on Clinical-Ethical Decision Making

Cox

Javed

2023

Behav Analysis Practice

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Researchers have recently begun to use a behavioral economics framework to study the clinicalethical decisions made by practicing behavior analysts. Much of this work, however, has examined broad patterns as opposed to isolating the underlying behavioral processes. In this study, we sought to extend past research by studying how clinical-ethical decisions would be influenced by a parametric manipulation of the probability that each available option would be televisible or cause short-term harm to the client. Behavior analysts (n=15) were largely influenced only by the probability of short-term harm. In contrast, the control group (n=30) was influenced by the probability each choice was televisible and the probability of short-term harm. Further, across all choices, control group participants showed a higher tendency than behavior analysts to not allow the individual to engage in the harmful behavior. Quantitative models built using machine learning algorithms were able to predict ~75% of choices made by participants using only the independent variables manipulated in this study. At the individual level, a probability loss discounting framework seemed to account for the data; however, deviations from traditional probability loss discounting methods provide many areas for future research. In total, the present experiment highlights the potential behavioral processes involved in clinical-ethical choices, similarities between individual (moral) and group-level (ethical) responding, and areas where practicing behavior analysts may have preferences that differ from their clients or their clients' caregivers.

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Effects of Automatic Detection on Dynamic Decision Making

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Cognitive processing differences of experts and novices when correlating anatomy and cross-sectional imaging

Cognitive processing differences of experts and novices when correlating anatomy and cross-sectional imaging

Effects of training with added difficulties on RADAR detection

Influence of Televisibility and Harm Probability on Clinical-Ethical Decision Making

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