Effects of Attentional Focus on Muscular Endurance: A Meta-Analysis

Grgić, Jozo; Mikulić, Pavle

doi:10.3390/ijerph19010089

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The Flanker task which was used in the current study measures executive function that enable an individual to focus attention [ 36 ]. Since attentional focus is already reported to moderate acute muscle performance [ 32 , 33 ], decrements in bench press endurance performance during high and moderate hypoxia may be associated with equivalent impairment in cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the severity of hypoxia increases, the level of deoxygenation increases. Moreover, two recent meta-analyses reported that attention, a parameter of complex cognitive processes, moderates acute muscular endurance [ 32 ] and strength [ 33 ] performance. However, currently there are no studies that have investigated CF before and after resistance exercise during hypoxia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

Karayiğit

Eser

Şahin

et al. 2022

Biology

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The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of different levels of hypoxia on maximal strength, muscular endurance, and cognitive function in males and females. In total, 13 males (mean ± SD: age, 23.6 ± 2.8 years; height, 176.6 ± 3.9 cm; body mass, 76.6 ± 2.1 kg) and 13 females (mean ± SD: age, 22.8 ± 1.4 years; height, 166.4 ± 1.9 cm; body mass, 61.6 ± 3.4 kg) volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants completed a one repetition strength and muscular endurance test (60% of one repetition maximum to failure) for squat and bench press following four conditions; (i) normoxia (900 m altitude; FiO2: 21%); (ii) low dose hypoxia (2000 m altitude; FiO2: 16%); (iii) moderate dose hypoxia (3000 m altitude; FiO2: 14%); and (iv) high dose hypoxia (4000 m altitude; FiO2: 12%). Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and cognitive function was also determined during each condition. The one repetition maximum squat (p = 0.33) and bench press (p = 0.68) did not differ between conditions or sexes. Furthermore, squat endurance did not differ between conditions (p = 0.34). There was a significant decrease in bench press endurance following moderate (p = 0.02; p = 0.04) and high (p = 0.01; p = 0.01) doses of hypoxia in both males and females compared to normoxia and low dose hypoxia, respectively. Cognitive function, ratings of perceived exertion, and lactate were also significantly different in high and moderate dose hypoxia conditions compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). Heart rate was not different between the conditions (p = 0.30). In conclusion, high and moderate doses of acute normobaric hypoxia decrease upper body muscular endurance and cognitive performance regardless of sex; however, lower body muscular endurance and maximal strength are not altered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

Karayiğit

Eser

Şahin

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…In addition, some scientific evidence reported improved neuromuscular efficiency during an external focus of attention compared to internal focus in such tasks as isokinetic elbow flexions [ 31 ], isometric force production tasks [ 32 ] or isometric plantar-flexion [ 33 ]. Also, it was proved that an external focus of attention enhanced muscular endurance compared with an internal focus [ 34 ]. Hatami et al [ 35 ] found that in no instruction situations, shoulder muscle activity did not change significantly as compared with the external focus of attention situation during forehand stroke in table tennis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An external focus of attention enhances table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players

et al. 2022

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The aim of the study was to determine the impact of internal and external (proximal and distal) attentional focus on table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players. Fifty-one undergraduate physical education (PE) students were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group G1 (IF) was instructed to focus on the hand holding the paddle, Group G2 (EFP) was instructed to focus on the ball, while Group G3 (EFD) was instructed to focus on targets marked on the tennis table. The experimental groups followed identical instructions except for the instruction about the focus of attention. Participants were asked to score as many points as possible by hitting the ball inside the three smallest targets marked on the tennis table. They were required to do so using a backhand stroke. The practice session consisted of 45 trials in three blocks of backhand (15 trials at each target). A special scoring system was used to determine the accuracy of the strokes. One of the most important findings from the current research was that groups with an external focus of attention revealed significant improvements in accuracy in the post-test, while the group with an internal focus of attention achieved low training effects. No significant difference was observed between G2 (EFP) and G3 (EFD) in the delayed retention test, which indicates that proximal and distal attentional focus had similar effects on table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players.

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“…The effects of attention focus on muscle strength [18], muscular endurance [19], and tasks requiring accuracy have been reported. Several studies have reported shortterm gains in muscle strength when external focus is used.…”

Section: The Effects Of Attention Focus On Muscle Strength and Endurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Attention Focus in Rehabilitation to Promote Motor Performance and Motor Learning

Sawai¹,

Fujikawa²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 2023

Neurorehabilitation and Physical Therapy

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Attention focus plays an essential role in promoting motor performance and motor learning. There are two types of attention focus: internal focus and external focus. Internal focus refers to direct attention inside the body while external focus refers to direct attention outside the body. Several studies have reported that external focus positively affects motor performance and motor learning by promoting automatic control. The mechanisms of attention focus have been examined using electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During rehabilitation, therapists promote patients’ movement acquisition and motor learning. This chapter reviews the application of attention focus in rehabilitation to promote motor performance and motor learning in patients.

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Effects of Attentional Focus on Muscular Endurance: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

An external focus of attention enhances table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players

Application of Attention Focus in Rehabilitation to Promote Motor Performance and Motor Learning

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