Effects of Ascorbic Acid and β-1,3-Glucan on Survival, Physiological Response and Flesh Quality of Cultured Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) during Simulated Transport in Water

Abstract

Transport in water is the most common method for achieving high survival rates when transporting cultured fish in China; yet, transport success relies on proper water quality and conditions. This research was designed to explore the effects of ascorbic acid and β-1,3-glucan on survival, physiological responses, and flesh quality of farmed tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) during simulated transport. The transport water temperature for live tiger grouper was 15 °C, which had the highest survival rate, the lowest stress response, and metabolic rate, and this will reduce the susceptibility to diseases. It is stated that β-1,3-glucan influences the changes of cortisol content, heat shock protein 70, IL-1β, and IgM transcription levels during simulated transport. Rather than using ascorbic acid alone (the A-group), β-1,3-glucan (3.2 mg/L) in the presence of ascorbic acid (25 mg/L) can effectively reduce the increase of transport-induced serum cortisol content, heat shock protein 70, and IL-1β, but stimulated IgM. 25 mg/L ascorbic acid and 3.2 mg/L β-1,3-glucan had no obvious effect on the nutritional indexes and flavor of live tiger grouper; however, these can effectively reduce the stress response, improve the innate immune activity, and ensure a higher survival rate.

Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress

“…In fact, after 16 h from departure, fish started to gradually recover, as attested by a significant decrease in cortisol level, but did not return to the basal values. A similar cortisol trend has been recently found by Wu et al [ 31 ] in the tiger grouper serum ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ) during a simulated transport. This result possibly indicates that if, on one hand, meagre are able to rapidly face stress conditions associated with transport, on the other, it suggests that this stress response could be primarily associated to animals’ condition at departure, in terms of manipulation, net confinement and air exposure, or to the transport operator’s skills during loading, rather than to the transport itself.…”

Transport and Recovery of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Sedated with MS-222 and Eugenol: Effects on Intermediary Metabolism and Osmoregulation

“…The TAV values of IMP in turbot flesh were greater than 10, indicating that IMP was the main source of taste in turbot flesh at 2 °C–0 h, the IMP content of turbot in each treatment group was significantly lower than that of fish in the 13 °C treatment group, which was a temporary effect of the cooling operation on taste presenting substances. With the extension of transport time, the breakdown of ATP in turbot flesh led to the accumulation of IMP, and the content of IMP increased significantly, which is the same as the results of Wu Bo et al, who found a significant increase in IMP content in grouper flesh at the end of transport [ 35 ]. With the extension of transportation time, the AMP content of turbot first decreased and then increased, and after 18 h, AMP was still at a high level, indicating that the low-temperature anhydrous transportation operation could increase the fresh flavor-presenting substances of turbot and improve the flavor of fish flesh.…”

The influence of dietary β‐1,3‐glucan on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidative and immune status of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Melanin and its reactive intermediates help heal wound and suppress pathogens (Cerenius & Söderhäll, 2004;Söderhäll & Cerenius, 1998). Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) play crucial roles in phosphate hydrolysis during metabolic process and lysosomal digestion of invading organisms (Wu et al, 2020).…”

“…Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) reflect the degree of hepatopancreatic damage. Creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total bilirubin (TBIL) reflect the renal function (Abu-Elala et al, 2020;Dawood, Koshio, El-Sabagh, et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2020).…”