Effects of arousal reaction on nystagmus habituation in the cat

Crampton, George H.; Schwam, Wallace J.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1961.200.1.29

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…These excitatory networks have been proposed to be principally activated in states of fear or vigilance in order to alter vestibular‐evoked motor responses to self‐motion, and to increase sensitivity to imposed motion (Balaban, ). This hypothesis is supported by several behavioural studies which demonstrated increased vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain with arousal in both cats (Crampton & Schwam, ; Crampton, ) and primates (Furman et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Modulation of human vestibular reflexes with increased postural threat

Horslen

Dakin

Inglis

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr The vestibular system is an important sensory contributor to the control of standing balance. r Fear, anxiety and arousal are thought to influence the excitability of the vestibular system, but it is not clear if these changes lead to altered vestibular-evoked balance reflexes.r Low and high standing surface heights were used to manipulate fear and anxiety in this study, while stochastic vestibular stimulation was used to evoke balance reflexes. r These results support the idea that the manner in which vestibular information is processed is altered when people are exposed to a threat to their balance, and this altered processing may explain why normal balance behaviour is different in threatening scenarios.Abstract Anxiety and arousal have been shown to facilitate human vestibulo-ocular reflexes, presumably through direct neural connections between the vestibular nuclei and emotional processing areas of the brain. However, the effects of anxiety, fear and arousal on balance-relevant vestibular reflexes are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to manipulate standing height to determine whether anxiety and fear can modulate the direct relationship between vestibular signals and balance reflexes during stance. Stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS; 2-25 Hz) was used to evoke ground reaction forces (GRF) while subjects stood in both LOW and HIGH surface height conditions. Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the SVS-GRF relationship, in terms of coupling (coherence and cumulant density) and gain, in the medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) directions. The short-and medium-latency cumulant density peaks were both significantly increased in the ML and AP directions when standing in HIGH, compared to LOW, conditions. Likewise, coherence was statistically greater between 4.3 Hz and 6.7 Hz in the ML, and between 5.5 and 17.7 Hz in the AP direction. When standing in the HIGH condition, the gain of the SVS-GRF relationship was increased 81% in the ML direction, and 231% in the AP direction. The significant increases in coupling and gain observed in both experiments demonstrate that vestibular-evoked balance responses are augmented in states of height-induced postural threat. These data support the possibility that fear or anxiety-mediated changes to balance control are affected by altered central processing of vestibular information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Modulation of human vestibular reflexes with increased postural threat

Horslen

Dakin

Inglis

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

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“…More recently, Hagbarth and Kugelberg (1958) and Hagbarth and Finer (1963) verified and extended Lehner's findings for the abdominal and leg flexion reflexes in humans. Crampton and Schwam (1961) have shown that dishabituation of postrotatory nystagmus in the cat by audotory or cutaneous habituates in a similar fashion.…”

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confidence: 90%

Habituation: A history

Thompson

2009

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

374

280

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“…More recently, Hagbarth and Kugelberg (1958) and Hagbarth and Finer (1963) verified and extended Lehner's findings for the abdominal and leg flexion reflexes in humans. Crampton and Schwam (1961) have shown that dishabituation of postrotatory nystagmus in the cat by auditory or cutaneous stimuli habituates in a similar fashion.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…Mowrer (1934) showed some generalization of postrotatory nystagmus habituation in the pigeon. In a recent study, Crampton and Schwam (1961) reported generalization of optic nystagmus habituation in the cat to different degrees of angular acceleration. 4 Postrotary optic nystagmus may be an exception in that under some conditions the degree of habituation is directly related to velocity of rotation (G. Crampton, personal communication, 1964). 8.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Habituation: A model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior.

Thompson¹,

Spencer²

1966

Psychological Review

2,382

1,633

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The recent habituation literature is reviewed with emphasis on neurophysiological studies. The hindlimb flexion reflex of the acute spinal cat is used as a model system for analysis of the neuronal mechanisms involved in habituation and sensitization (i.e., dishabituation). Habituation of this response is demonstrated to follow the same 9 parametric relations for stimulus and training variables characteristic of behavioral response habituation in the intact organism. Habituation and sensitization appear to be central neural processes and probably do not involve presynaptic or postsynaptic inhibition. It is suggested that they may result from the interaction of neural processes resembling "polysynaptic low-frequency depression," and "facilitatory afterdischarge." "Membrane desensitization" may play a role in long-lasting habituation.

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Effects of arousal reaction on nystagmus habituation in the cat

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Modulation of human vestibular reflexes with increased postural threat

Modulation of human vestibular reflexes with increased postural threat

Habituation: A history

Habituation: A model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior.

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